Handheld devices and related methods

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to devices including rotary units and rotary mechanisms that are suitable for use in numerous applications. Rotary units typically include rotational components that are configured to rotate. In some embodiments, for example, multiple rotary units are assembled in rotary mechanisms such that neighboring pairs of rotational components counter-rotate or contra-rotate relative to one another during operation of the rotary mechanisms. Rotational components generally include one or more implements that are structured to perform or effect one or more types of work as the rotational components rotate relative to one another in a given rotary mechanism. In certain embodiments, implements are configured to rotate and/or to effect the movement of other components as rotational components rotate.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of, and claims the benefit ofpriority from, U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No.13/423,413, filed Mar. 19, 2012, which is a continuation-in-part of, andclaims the benefit of priority from U.S. Non-Provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 13/219,683, filed Aug. 28, 2011, which is acontinuation-in-part of, and claims the benefit of priority from U.S.Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/184,332, filed Jul. 15,2011, which claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Nos. 61/365,290, filed Jul. 16, 2010 and 61/376,725, filedAug. 25, 2010, which are each incorporated by reference in theirentirety. U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/184,332,filed Jul. 15, 2011 is also continuation-in-part of, and claims thebenefit of priority from, U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser.No. 12/577,326, filed Oct. 12, 2009 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,152,679, issuedApr. 10, 2012), which claims the benefit of priority from U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/104,748, filed on Oct. 12, 2008and International Patent Application No. PCT/US09/60386, filed on Oct.12, 2009, which are each incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates generally to mechanical, electrical, orelectromechanical devices, and provides rotary units, rotary mechanisms,methods, and related devices and other applications that are useful fora wide variety of purposes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Electromechanical devices are ubiquitous. Some of these devices includerotating components and are used in many different applications.Gardening tools such as rotor tillers, for example, typically includerotating rotors having tines, which contact the soil during operation.Many other devices of use in agricultural and construction, among manyother fields or applications also utilize various types of rotationalcomponents to achieve desired forms of work.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the invention provides a handheld device (e.g., isconfigured to be held in at least one hand of a user at least duringoperation) that includes a head portion comprising at least one rotarymechanism that comprises at least one rotational component that isconfigured to rotate at least partially around a rotational axis. Therotational component comprises at least one surface that is configuredto rotate substantially non-perpendicular to the rotational axis, whichsurface comprises at least one implement. The handheld device alsoincludes at least one drive mechanism component or portion thereof thatoperably engages, or is configured to operably engage, at least therotary mechanism. The drive mechanism component or portion thereof isconfigured to effect rotation of at least the rotational component atleast partially around the rotational axis. In addition, the handhelddevice also includes a handle portion operably connected, or that isconfigured to operably connect, to the head portion. These and manyother aspects will be apparent upon a complete review of thisdisclosure.

In some embodiments, the rotary mechanism comprises two or morerotational components (e.g., three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine,ten, or more rotational components). In certain embodiments, therotational component is interchangeable with at least one otherrotational component. In some embodiments, the surface is configured torotate substantially parallel to the rotational axis of the rotationalcomponents. In certain embodiments, at least a portion of the implementcomprises at least one cross-sectional shape selected from the groupconsisting of: a circle, an oval, a square, a rectangle, a trapezoid, anirregular n-sided polygon, a regular n-sided polygon, and the like. Incertain embodiments, the implement is rotatably coupled to therotational component. In some of these embodiments, the implement isconfigured to operably engage one or more gear components of one or moreother components. In certain embodiments, a tooth brushing device or acleaning device comprises the handheld device.

In certain embodiments, at least part of the drive mechanism componentor portion thereof is detachable from at least another part of the drivemechanism component or portion thereof and/or the rotary mechanism. Insome embodiments, the drive mechanism component or portion thereof isconfigured to oscillate the rotational component. In some embodiments,the handheld device includes at least one drive mechanism positioningcomponent configured to position at least drive mechanism components orportions thereof relative to one another. In certain embodiments, thedrive mechanism component or portion thereof comprises at least oneshaft component that operably engages at least the rotary mechanism or aportion thereof. In some embodiments, the drive mechanism component orportion thereof is configured to effect reversible rotation of at leastthe rotational component at least partially around the rotational axis.In certain embodiments, the drive mechanism component or portion thereofcomprises at least one gear component (e.g., that operably engages ormeshes with another gear component of the handheld device).

In some embodiments, the handle portion comprises at least part of thedrive mechanism component or portion thereof. In certain embodiments,the head portion and/or the handle portion comprises at least onehousing. In certain embodiments, the head and handle portions aredetachable from one another.

In some embodiments, the rotary mechanism comprises at least first andsecond rotational components and at least a first counter-rotationalmechanism that operably engages at least the first and second rotationalcomponents, wherein the drive mechanism component or portion thereofoperably engages one or more of the rotational components and/or thefirst counter-rotational mechanism such that when the first rotationalcomponent rotates in a first direction, the second rotational componentrotates in a second direction.

In certain embodiments, the rotary mechanism comprises at least tworotary units that each comprises: at least one rotational component thatcomprises at least one sun gear component and at least one ring gearcomponent, and at least one gear structure that comprises at least onesupport component and at least one planetary gear component rotatablycoupled to the support component, and wherein the planetary gearcomponent is configured to operably engage the ring gear component. Inthese embodiments, the sun gear component of at least a first rotaryunit operably engages (e.g., meshes with) the planetary gear componentof at least a second rotary unit such that when the rotational componentof the first rotary unit rotates in a first direction, the rotationalcomponent of the second rotary unit rotates in a second direction. Insome embodiments, the gear structure of the first rotary unit isoperably connected to the gear structure of the second rotary unit suchthat the support components are substantially fixedly positionedrelative to one another at least when the rotational component of thefirst rotary unit rotates in the first direction, the rotationalcomponent of the second rotary unit rotates in the second direction.

In certain embodiments, the rotary mechanism comprises: at least a firstrotary unit that comprises at least one rotational component thatcomprises at least first and second sun gear components; at least asecond rotary unit that comprises at least one rotational component thatcomprises at least first and second ring gear components; and at least afirst planetary gear component that is configured to operably engage thesecond sun gear component of the first rotary unit and the first ringgear component of the second rotary unit such that when the rotationalcomponent of the first rotary unit rotates in a first direction, therotational component of the second rotary unit rotates in a seconddirection. In some of these embodiments, the handheld device includes atleast one gear structure that comprises at least one support component,wherein the first planetary gear component is rotatably coupled to thesupport component, which support component is substantially fixedlypositioned when the rotational component of the first rotary unitrotates in the first direction, the rotational component of the secondrotary unit rotates in the second direction.

In certain embodiments, the rotary mechanism comprises at least tworotary units that each comprises: at least one rotational component thatcomprises at least one ring gear component; and at least one second gearcomponent configured to operably engage the ring gear component. In someembodiments, the handheld device includes one or more alignmentcomponents that align at least the rotational components relative to oneanother when the rotational components rotate. In some embodiments, thedrive mechanism component or portion thereof operably engages at leastthe second gear components of at least first and second rotary units,which drive mechanism component or portion thereof is configured toeffect rotation of the second gear components such that the rotationalcomponent of the first rotary unit rotates in a first direction and therotational component of the second rotary unit rotates in a seconddirection. In some of these embodiments, the drive mechanism componentor portion thereof comprises at least two shaft components, wherein atleast a first shaft component operably engages at least the second gearcomponent of the first rotary unit and at least a second shaft componentoperably engages at least the second gear component of the second rotaryunit. In certain embodiments, the first and second shaft components eachcomprises at least one drive gear component that operably engage oneanother.

In certain embodiments, the rotary mechanism comprises: at least tworotational components that each comprises at least one ring gearcomponent; and at least one counter-rotational mechanism that comprisesat least a first gear component that operably engages the ring gearcomponent of at least a first rotational component, at least a secondgear component that operably engages the ring gear component of at leasta second rotational component, and at least a third gear component thatoperably engages at least the second gear component such that when thefirst gear component rotates in a first direction, the first rotationalcomponent rotates in the first direction and the second gear componentand the second rotational component rotate in a second direction. Incertain of these embodiments, the handheld device includes one or morealignment components that align at least the first and second rotationalcomponents relative to one another when the rotational componentsrotate. In some embodiments, the drive mechanism component or portionthereof operably engages at least the first gear component, which drivemechanism component or portion thereof is configured to effect rotationof at least the first gear component. In certain embodiments, the drivemechanism component or portion thereof operably engages the third gearcomponent. In certain embodiments, the drive mechanism component orportion thereof comprises at least one shaft component that operablyengages at least the first gear component.

In some embodiments, the handheld device includes at least one openingdisposed at least proximal to the head portion; at least one conduitthat is configured to communicate with the opening and at least onematerial source and/or at least one material destination; and at leastone conveyance mechanism that is configured to convey at least onematerial to and/or from the material source and/or the materialdestination through the opening. In certain embodiments, the head and/orhandle portion comprises at least one housing that comprises and/orhouses at least a portion of the opening, the conduit, and/or theconveyance mechanism. In some embodiments, the material source and/orthe material destination is disposed external to the head and/or handleportion. In certain embodiments, the material source and/or the materialdestination comprises at least one material container that is configuredto contain at least one material, which material container is disposedat least proximal to the handle portion. In some of these embodiments,the material container and the handle portion are detachable from oneanother.

In certain embodiments, the handheld device includes at least onesanitizing component configured to sanitize at least part of the headand/or handle portion. In some embodiments, the sanitizing componentcomprises at least one ultraviolet light source configured toselectively expose at least part of the head and/or handle portion toultraviolet light to sanitize at least part of the head and/or handleportion. In certain embodiments, the sanitizing component comprises atleast one fluidic conveyance system configured to convey at least onesanitizing fluidic material at least proximal to at least part of thehead and/or handle portion to sanitize at least part of the head and/orhandle portion.

In another aspect, the invention provides a handheld device thatincludes a head portion comprising at least one rotary mechanism thatcomprises at least first and second rotational components and at least afirst counter-rotational mechanism that operably engages at least thefirst and second rotational components, wherein at least one of therotational components is configured to rotate at least partially arounda rotational axis and comprises at least one surface that is configuredto rotate substantially non-perpendicular to the rotational axis, whichsurface comprises at least one implement. The handheld device alsoincludes at least one drive mechanism component or portion thereof thatoperably engages, or is configured to operably engage, one or more ofthe rotational components and/or the first counter-rotational mechanismsuch that when the first rotational component rotates in a firstdirection and the second rotational component rotates in a seconddirection. In addition, the handheld device also includes a handleportion operably connected or connectable to the head portion.

In certain embodiments, the handheld device includes more than tworotational components (e.g., three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine,ten, or more rotational components). In some embodiments, at least oneof the rotational components is interchangeable with at least one otherrotational component. In certain embodiments, the surface is configuredto rotate substantially parallel to the rotational axis of therotational components. In some embodiments, at least a portion of theimplement comprises at least one cross-sectional shape selected from thegroup consisting of: a circle, an oval, a square, a rectangle, atrapezoid, an irregular n-sided polygon, a regular n-sided polygon, andthe like. In some embodiments, the implement is rotatably coupled to therotational component. In certain of these embodiments, the implement isconfigured to operably engage one or more gear components of one or moreother components (e.g., gear components of other components, etc.). Insome embodiments, a tooth brushing device or a cleaning device includesthe handheld device.

In some embodiments, at least part of the drive mechanism component orportion thereof is detachable from at least another part of the drivemechanism component or portion thereof and/or the rotary mechanism. Incertain embodiments, the drive mechanism component or portion thereof isconfigured to oscillate at least one of the rotational components. Insome embodiments, the handheld device includes at least one drivemechanism positioning component configured to position at least drivemechanism components or portions thereof relative to one another. Insome embodiments, the drive mechanism component or portion thereofcomprises at least one shaft component that operably engages at leastthe rotary mechanism or a portion thereof. In certain embodiments, thedrive mechanism component or portion thereof is configured to effectreversible rotation of at least one of the rotational components atleast partially around the rotational axis. In certain embodiments, thedrive mechanism component or portion thereof comprises at least one gearcomponent.

In certain embodiments, the handle portion comprises at least part ofthe drive mechanism component or portion thereof. In some embodiments,the head portion and/or the handle portion comprises at least onehousing. In certain embodiments, the head and handle portions aredetachable from one another.

In some embodiments, the rotary mechanism comprises at least two rotaryunits that each comprises: at least one rotational component thatcomprises at least one sun gear component and at least one ring gearcomponent, and at least one gear structure that comprises at least onesupport component and at least one planetary gear component rotatablycoupled to the support component, and wherein the planetary gearcomponent is configured to operably engage the ring gear component,wherein the sun gear component of at least a first rotary unit operablyengages the planetary gear component of at least a second rotary unitsuch that when the rotational component of the first rotary unit rotatesin the first direction, the rotational component of the second rotaryunit rotates in the second direction. In some of these embodiments, thegear structure of the first rotary unit is operably connected to thegear structure of the second rotary unit such that the supportcomponents are substantially fixedly positioned relative to one anotherat least when the rotational component of the first rotary unit rotatesin the first direction, the rotational component of the second rotaryunit rotates in the second direction.

In some embodiments, the rotary mechanism comprises: at least a firstrotary unit that comprises at least one rotational component thatcomprises at least first and second sun gear components; at least asecond rotary unit that comprises at least one rotational component thatcomprises at least first and second ring gear components; and at least afirst planetary gear component that is configured to operably engage thesecond sun gear component of the first rotary unit and the first ringgear component of the second rotary unit such that when the rotationalcomponent of the first rotary unit rotates in the first direction, therotational component of the second rotary unit rotates in the seconddirection. In some of these embodiments, the handheld device includes atleast one gear structure that comprises at least one support component,wherein the first planetary gear component is rotatably coupled to thesupport component, which support component is substantially fixedlypositioned when the rotational component of the first rotary unitrotates in the first direction, the rotational component of the secondrotary unit rotates in the second direction.

In certain embodiments, the rotary mechanism comprises at least tworotary units that each comprises: at least one rotational component thatcomprises at least one ring gear component; and at least one second gearcomponent configured to operably engage the ring gear component. In someof these embodiments, the handheld device includes one or more alignmentcomponents that align at least the rotational components relative to oneanother when the rotational components rotate. In certain embodiments,the drive mechanism component or portion thereof operably engages atleast the second gear components of at least first and second rotaryunits, which drive mechanism component or portion thereof is configuredto effect rotation of the second gear components such that therotational component of the first rotary unit rotates in a firstdirection and the rotational component of the second rotary unit rotatesin a second direction. In certain embodiments, the drive mechanismcomponent or portion thereof comprises at least two shaft components,wherein at least a first shaft component operably engages at least thesecond gear component of the first rotary unit and at least a secondshaft component operably engages at least the second gear component ofthe second rotary unit. In some embodiments, the first and second shaftcomponents each comprises at least one drive gear component thatoperably engage one another.

In some embodiments, the rotary mechanism comprises: at least tworotational components that each comprises at least one ring gearcomponent; and at least one counter-rotational mechanism that comprisesat least a first gear component that operably engages the ring gearcomponent of at least a first rotational component, at least a secondgear component that operably engages the ring gear component of at leasta second rotational component, and at least a third gear component thatoperably engages at least the second gear component such that when thefirst gear component rotates in the first direction, the firstrotational component rotates in the first direction and the second gearcomponent and the second rotational component rotate in the seconddirection. In some of these embodiments, the handheld device includesone or more alignment components that align at least the first andsecond rotational components relative to one another when the rotationalcomponents rotate. In certain embodiments, the drive mechanism componentor portion thereof operably engages at least the first gear component,which drive mechanism component or portion thereof is configured toeffect rotation of at least the first gear component. In someembodiments, the drive mechanism component or portion thereof operablyengages the third gear component. In some embodiments, the drivemechanism component or portion thereof comprises at least one shaftcomponent that operably engages at least the first gear component.

In certain embodiments, the handheld device includes at least oneopening disposed at least proximal to the head portion; at least oneconduit that is configured to communicate with the opening and at leastone material source and/or at least one material destination; and atleast one conveyance mechanism that is configured to convey at least onematerial to and/or from the material source and/or the materialdestination through the opening. In some embodiments, the head and/orhandle portion comprises at least one housing that comprises and/orhouses at least a portion of the opening, the conduit, and/or theconveyance mechanism. In certain embodiments, the material source and/orthe material destination is disposed external to the head and/or handleportion. In some embodiments, the material source and/or the materialdestination comprises at least one material container that is configuredto contain at least one material, which material container is disposedat least proximal to the handle portion. In certain embodiments, thematerial container and the handle portion are detachable from oneanother.

In some embodiments, the handheld device includes at least onesanitizing component configured to sanitize at least part of the headand/or handle portion. In some embodiments, the sanitizing componentcomprises at least one ultraviolet source configured to selectivelyexpose at least part of the head and/or handle portion to ultravioletlight to sanitize at least part of the head and/or handle portion. Incertain embodiments, the sanitizing component comprises at least onefluidic conveyance system configured to convey at least one sanitizingfluidic material at least proximal to at least part of the head and/orhandle portion to sanitize at least part of the head and/or handleportion.

In another aspect, the invention provides a device that includes a headportion comprising at least one rotary mechanism that comprises at leastone rotational component that is configured to rotate at least partiallyaround a rotational axis. The rotational component comprises at leastone surface that is configured to rotate substantially non-perpendicularto the rotational axis, which surface comprises at least one implement.The device also includes at least one drive mechanism component orportion thereof that operably engages, or is configured to operablyengage, at least the rotary mechanism, which drive mechanism componentor portion thereof is configured to effect rotation of at least therotational component at least partially around the rotational axis. Inaddition, the device also includes a handle portion operably connectedor connectable to the head portion. In some embodiments, the deviceincludes one or more handheld components.

In some embodiments, the invention provides a handheld device includes ahead portion comprising at least one rotary mechanism that comprises atleast two rotational components, wherein at least a first rotationalcomponent is configured to rotate at least partially around a firstrotational axis, wherein at least a second rotational component isconfigured to rotate at least partially around a second rotational axis,and wherein at least one of the rotational components comprises at leastone surface that is configured to rotate substantially perpendicular tothe at least one of rotational axes, which surface comprises at leastone implement. The handheld device also includes at least one drivemechanism component or portion thereof that operably engages, or isconfigured to operably engage, at least the rotary mechanism, whichdrive mechanism component or portion thereof is configured to effectrotation of at least the first rotational component at least partiallyaround the first rotational axis in a first direction and the secondrotational component at least partially around the second rotationalaxis in a second direction. In addition, the handheld device alsoincludes a handle portion operably connected or connectable to the headportion.

In some embodiments, the handheld device includes more than tworotational components, wherein neighboring pairs of rotationalcomponents are configured to rotate at least partially around therotational axes in directions that are substantially opposite oneanother. In certain embodiments, the first and second rotationalcomponents each comprise at least one gear component, wherein the gearcomponent of the first rotational component operably engages the gearcomponent of the second rotational component. In some embodiments, atleast one of the rotational components comprises at least one alignmentcomponent that aligns the at least one of the rotational components atleast relative to the head portion. In some embodiments, at least one ofthe rotational components is interchangeable with at least one otherrotational component. In certain embodiments, at least a portion of theimplement comprises at least one cross-sectional shape selected from thegroup consisting of: a circle, an oval, a square, a rectangle, atrapezoid, an irregular n-sided polygon, a regular n-sided polygon, andthe like. In some embodiments, a tooth brushing device or a cleaningdevice includes the handheld device.

In certain embodiments, at least part of the drive mechanism componentor portion thereof is detachable from at least another part of the drivemechanism component or portion thereof and/or the rotary mechanism. Insome embodiments, the drive mechanism component or portion thereof isconfigured to oscillate at least one of the rotational components. Incertain embodiments, the handheld device includes at least one drivemechanism positioning component configured to position at least drivemechanism components or portions thereof relative to one another. Insome embodiments, the drive mechanism component or portion thereofcomprises at least one shaft component that operably engages at leastthe rotary mechanism or a portion thereof. In certain embodiments, thedrive mechanism component or portion thereof is configured to effectreversible rotation of at least one of the rotational components atleast partially around at least one of the rotational axes. In someembodiments, the drive mechanism component or portion thereof comprisesat least one gear component (e.g., the operably engages or meshes withone or more gear components of other device components).

In some embodiments, the handle portion comprises at least part of thedrive mechanism component or portion thereof. In certain embodiments,the head portion and/or the handle portion comprises at least onehousing. In some embodiments, the head and handle portions aredetachable from one another.

In certain embodiments, the handheld device includes at least oneopening disposed at least proximal to the head portion; at least oneconduit that is configured to communicate with the opening and at leastone material source and/or at least one material destination; and atleast one conveyance mechanism that is configured to convey at least onematerial to and/or from the material source and/or the materialdestination through the opening.

In some embodiments, the head and/or handle portion comprises at leastone housing that comprises and/or houses at least a portion of theopening, the conduit, and/or the conveyance mechanism. In certainembodiments, the material source and/or the material destination isdisposed external to the head and/or handle portion. In someembodiments, the material source and/or the material destinationcomprises at least one material container that is configured to containat least one material, which material container is disposed at leastproximal to the handle portion. In some of these embodiments, thematerial container and the handle portion are detachable from oneanother.

In certain embodiments, the handheld device includes at least onesanitizing component configured to sanitize at least part of the headand/or handle portion. In some embodiments, the sanitizing componentcomprises at least one ultraviolet light source configured toselectively expose at least part of the head and/or handle portion toultraviolet light to sanitize at least part of the head and/or handleportion. In some embodiments, the sanitizing component comprises atleast one fluidic conveyance system configured to convey at least onesanitizing fluidic material at least proximal to at least part of thehead and/or handle portion to sanitize at least part of the head and/orhandle portion.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of rotating animplement. The method includes providing at least one handheld devicethat comprises: a head portion comprising at least one rotary mechanismthat comprises at least one rotational component that is configured torotate at least partially around a rotational axis, which rotationalcomponent comprises at least one surface that is configured to rotatesubstantially non-perpendicular to the rotational axis, which surfacecomprises at least one implement; at least one drive mechanism componentor portion thereof that operably engages, or is configured to operablyengage, at least the rotary mechanism, which drive mechanism componentor portion thereof is configured to effect rotation of at least therotational component at least partially around the rotational axis; anda handle portion operably connected or connectable to the head portion.The method also includes rotating the rotational component in at leastone direction using the drive mechanism component or portion thereof,thereby rotating the implement.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of rotating animplement. The method includes providing at least one handheld devicethat comprises: a head portion comprising at least one rotary mechanismthat comprises at least first and second rotational components and atleast a first counter-rotational mechanism that operably engages atleast the first and second rotational components, wherein at least oneof the rotational components is configured to rotate at least partiallyaround a rotational axis and comprises at least one surface that isconfigured to rotate substantially non-perpendicular to the rotationalaxis, which surface comprises at least one implement; at least one drivemechanism component or portion thereof that operably engages, or isconfigured to operably engage, one or more of the rotational componentsand/or the first counter-rotational mechanism; and a handle portionoperably connected or connectable to the head portion. The method alsoincludes rotating the first rotational component rotates in a firstdirection and the second rotational component rotates in a seconddirection, thereby rotating the implement.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The description provided herein is better understood when read inconjunction with the accompanying drawings which are included by way ofexample and not by way of limitation. It will be understood that likereference numerals identify like components throughout the drawings,unless the context indicates otherwise. It will also be understood thatsome or all of the figures may be schematic representations for purposesof illustration and do not necessarily depict the actual relative sizesor locations of the elements shown.

FIG. 1A schematically illustrates a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 1B schematicallyshows the rotary unit of FIG. 1A from a rear side view. FIG. 1Cschematically depicts the rotary unit of FIG. 1A from a side view. FIG.1D schematically shows a gear structure of the rotary unit of FIG. 1Afrom a rear side view. FIG. 1E schematically illustrates the gearstructure of FIG. 1D from a front side view. FIG. 1F schematically showsthe gear structure of FIG. 1D from a side view. FIG. 1G schematicallyillustrates a sectional view of the rotary unit of FIG. 1A. FIG. 1Hschematically shows a sectional view of the rotary unit of FIG. 1A. FIG.1I schematically depicts a partially exploded view of the rotary unit ofFIG. 1A.

FIGS. 2 A-F schematically show side elevational views of variousexemplary implements.

FIG. 3A schematically illustrates a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 3B schematicallyshows the rotary unit of FIG. 3A from a rear side view. FIG. 3Cschematically shows the rotary unit of FIG. 3A from a side view. FIG. 3Dschematically depicts a sectional view of the rotary unit of FIG. 3A.FIG. 3E schematically shows a gear structure of the rotary unit of FIG.3A from a rear side view. FIG. 3F schematically shows a gear structureof the rotary unit of FIG. 3A from a front side view. FIG. 3Gschematically shows a gear structure of the rotary unit of FIG. 3A froma side view.

FIG. 4A schematically illustrates a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 4B schematicallyshows the rotary unit of FIG. 4A from a rear side view. FIG. 4Cschematically shows the rotary unit of FIG. 4A from a side view. FIG. 4Dschematically depicts a sectional view of the rotary unit of FIG. 4A.FIG. 4E schematically shows a gear structure of the rotary unit of FIG.4A from a front side view. FIG. 4F schematically shows a gear structureof the rotary unit of FIG. 4A from a rear side view. FIG. 4Gschematically shows a gear structure of the rotary unit of FIG. 4A froma side view.

FIG. 5A schematically illustrates a rotary unit from a side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 5B schematicallyshows a sectional view of the rotary unit of FIG. 5A.

FIG. 6A schematically shows a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 6B schematicallyillustrates the rotary unit of FIG. 6A from a side view. FIG. 6Cschematically depicts the rotary unit of FIG. 6A from a rear side view.FIG. 6D schematically shows a sectional view of the rotary unit of FIG.6A. FIG. 6E schematically illustrates a gear structure of the rotaryunit of FIG. 6A from a rear side view. FIG. 6F schematically shows thegear structure of FIG. 6E from a front side view. FIG. 6G schematicallyillustrates the gear structure of FIG. 6E from a side view.

FIG. 7A schematically shows a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 7B schematicallyshows the rotary unit of FIG. 7A from a rear side view. FIG. 7Cschematically depicts the rotary unit of FIG. 7A from a side view.

FIG. 8A schematically shows a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 8B schematicallyshows the rotary unit of FIG. 8A from a rear side view. FIG. 8Cschematically depicts the rotary unit of FIG. 8A from a side view.

FIG. 9A schematically illustrates a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 9B schematicallyshows the rotary unit of FIG. 9A from a rear side view. FIG. 9Cschematically depicts the rotary unit of FIG. 9A from a side view. FIG.9D schematically shows a sectional view of the rotary unit of FIG. 9A.FIG. 9E schematically illustrates a sectional view of the rotary unit ofFIG. 9A. FIG. 9F schematically shows a gear structure of the rotary unitof FIG. 9A from a rear side view. FIG. 9G schematically illustrates thegear structure of FIG. 9F from a front side view. FIG. 9H schematicallyshows the gear structure of FIG. 9F from a side view. FIG. 9Ischematically depicts a partially exploded view of the rotary unit ofFIG. 9A. FIG. 9J schematically shows the rotary unit of FIG. 9A withimplements from a rear side view. FIG. 9K schematically shows the rotaryunit of FIG. 9A with implements from a front side view. FIG. 9Lschematically shows the rotary unit of FIG. 9A with implements from aside view.

FIG. 10A schematically illustrates a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 10B schematicallyshows the rotary unit of FIG. 10A from a rear side view. FIG. 10Cschematically depicts the rotary unit of FIG. 10A from a side view. FIG.10D schematically shows a sectional view of the rotary unit of FIG. 10A.FIG. 10E schematically shows a gear structure of the rotary unit of FIG.10A from a front side view. FIG. 10F schematically illustrates the gearstructure of FIG. 10E from a rear side view. FIG. 10G schematicallyshows the gear structure of FIG. 10E from a side view. FIG. 10Hschematically illustrates a sectional view of the rotary unit of FIG.10A. FIG. 10I schematically depicts the rotary unit of FIG. 10Aincluding a friction reducing material from a front side view. FIG. 10Jschematically depicts the rotary unit of FIG. 10A including a frictionreducing material from a side view. FIG. 10K schematically shows therotary unit of FIG. 10I with implements from a front side view. FIG. 10Lschematically shows the rotary unit of FIG. 10A with implements from arear side view. FIG. 10M schematically shows the rotary unit of FIG. 10Iwith implements from a side view.

FIG. 11A schematically illustrates a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 11B schematicallyshows the rotary unit of FIG. 11A from a rear side view. FIG. 11Cschematically depicts the rotary unit of FIG. 11A from a side view. FIG.11D schematically shows a sectional view of the rotary unit of FIG. 11A.FIG. 11E schematically shows the rotary unit of FIG. 11A with implementsfrom a front side view. FIG. 11F schematically shows the rotary unit ofFIG. 11A with implements from a rear side view. FIG. 11G schematicallyshows the rotary unit of FIG. 11A with implements from a side view.

FIG. 12A schematically illustrates a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 12B schematicallyshows the rotary unit of FIG. 12A from a rear side view. FIG. 12Cschematically depicts the rotary unit of FIG. 12A from a side view. FIG.12D schematically shows a gear structure of the rotary unit of FIG. 12Afrom a front side view. FIG. 12E schematically illustrates the gearstructure of FIG. 12D from a rear side view. FIG. 12F schematicallyshows the gear structure of FIG. 12D from a side view.

FIG. 13A schematically illustrates a rotational component of a rotaryunit from a front side view according to one embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 13B schematically shows a sectional view of therotational component of FIG. 13A. FIG. 13C schematically depicts therotational component of FIG. 13A from a side view. FIG. 13Dschematically shows a gear component used in the rotary unit referred towith respect to FIG. 13A from a front side view. FIG. 13E schematicallyillustrates the gear component of FIG. 13D from a side view.

FIG. 14A schematically illustrates a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 14B schematicallydepicts the rotary unit of FIG. 14A from a side view. FIG. 14Cschematically shows the rotary unit of FIG. 14A from a rear side view.FIG. 14D schematically shows a sectional view of the gear structure ofFIG. 14A.

FIG. 15A schematically illustrates a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 15B schematicallyshows the rotary unit of FIG. 15A from a rear side view. FIG. 15Cschematically depicts the rotary unit of FIG. 15A from a side view. FIG.15D schematically shows a sectional view of the rotary unit of FIG. 15A.

FIG. 16A schematically illustrates a rotary unit from a front side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 16B schematicallyshows the rotary unit of FIG. 16A from a rear side view. FIG. 16Cschematically depicts the rotary unit of FIG. 16A from a side view. FIG.16D schematically shows a sectional view of the rotary unit of FIG. 16A.FIG. 16E schematically illustrates a planetary gear component from afront side view according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 16Fschematically illustrates the planetary gear component of FIG. 16E froma side view. FIG. 16G schematically shows an exploded side view of agear structure according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 16Hschematically depicts the gear structure of FIG. 16G from a side view.FIG. 16I schematically shows the gear structure of FIG. 16H from a rearside view. FIG. 16J schematically shows the gear structure of FIG. 16Hfrom a front side view. FIG. 16K schematically illustrates a gearstructure prior to assembly with another gear structure from a side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 16L schematicallyshows an assembly that includes two gear structures from a side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 16M schematicallyshows an exploded view of the rotary unit of FIG. 16A with the gearstructure of FIG. 16G from a side view according to one embodiment ofthe invention. FIG. 16N schematically shows the rotary unit of FIG. 16Awith the gear structure of FIG. 16G from a front side view. FIG. 16Oschematically shows the rotary unit of FIG. 16A with the gear structureof FIG. 16G from a rear side view. FIG. 16P schematically shows therotary unit of FIG. 16A with the gear structure of FIG. 16G from a sideview. FIG. 16Q schematically shows a sectional view of the rotary unitof FIG. 16A with the gear structure of FIG. 16G.

FIG. 17A schematically depicts rotary units and a shaft from sideelevational views prior to assembly according to one embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 17B schematically illustrates the rotary units and theshaft from FIG. 17A from side elevational views in an assembled format.

FIG. 18A schematically shows rotary units prior to assembly of a rotarymechanism from side views according to one embodiment of the invention.FIG. 18B schematically shows a partially assembled rotary mechanism withthe rotary units of FIG. 18A from side views. FIG. 18C schematicallyillustrates a rotary mechanism that includes the rotary units of FIG.18A from a side view.

FIG. 19A schematically illustrates a rotary mechanism that includes therotary unit of FIG. 9A from a sectional view prior to assembly accordingto one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 19B schematically depicts therotary mechanism of FIG. 19A from a sectional view following assembly.FIG. 19C schematically shows a portion of a rotary mechanism thatincludes the rotary unit of FIG. 9A with implements from a side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 20A schematically illustrates a positioning component of a rotarymechanism from a side view according to one embodiment of the invention.FIG. 20B schematically depicts a portion of a rotary mechanism thatincludes the rotational component of FIG. 13A from a side view accordingto one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 20C schematically depicts aportion of a rotary mechanism that includes the rotational component ofFIG. 13A and gear component of FIG. 13D from a side view according toone embodiment of the invention. FIG. 20D schematically shows theportion of the rotary mechanism of FIG. 20B from a sectional view. FIG.20E schematically depicts the positioning component of FIG. 20A from aside view. FIG. 20F schematically shows the positioning component ofFIG. 20A with a drive mechanism from a side view. FIG. 20G schematicallyillustrates a positioning component of a rotary mechanism from a sideview according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 20Hschematically illustrates a rotary mechanism that includes therotational component of FIG. 13A from a side view according to oneembodiment of the invention. FIG. 20I schematically shows the rotarymechanism of FIG. 20H from a sectional view. FIG. 20J schematicallyshows the rotary mechanism of FIG. 20H from a front side view. FIG. 20Kschematically shows the rotary mechanism of FIG. 20H from a rear sideview. FIG. 20L schematically depicts a portion of a drive mechanism froma side view according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 20Mschematically depicts a portion of a drive mechanism from a side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 20N schematicallydepicts the portion of the drive mechanism of FIG. 20M without a motorfrom a side view. FIG. 20O schematically depicts the portion of thedrive mechanism of FIG. 20M from a side view.

FIG. 21A schematically illustrates a rotary mechanism that includes therotary unit of FIG. 14A from a sectional view prior to assemblyaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 21B schematicallydepicts the rotary mechanism of FIG. 21A from a sectional view followingassembly. FIG. 21C schematically shows the rotary of FIG. 21A from aside view. FIG. 21D schematically illustrates a rotary mechanism thatincludes the rotary unit of FIG. 14A with implements from a side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 21E schematicallyillustrates a rotary mechanism that includes the rotary unit of FIG. 14Awith implements from a side view according to one embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 22A schematically illustrates a gear structure from the rotary unitof FIG. 14A prior to assembly with another gear structure from a sideview according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 22Bschematically shows an assembly of multiple gear structures from a sideview according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 22Cschematically depicts the gear structure assembly of FIG. 22B from arear side view. FIG. 22D schematically depicts the gear structureassembly of FIG. 22B from a front side view. FIG. 22E schematicallyshows a rotary mechanism that includes the gear structure assembly ofFIG. 22B from a sectional view according to one embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 22F schematically shows a rotary mechanism that includesthe gear structure assembly of FIG. 22B from a side view according toone embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 23A schematically depicts a rotational or rotary mechanism from anexploded side view according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG.23B schematically depicts the rotational mechanism from FIG. 23A from aside view. FIG. 23C schematically depicts the rotational mechanism fromFIG. 23A from an exploded sectional view. FIG. 23D schematically depictsthe rotational mechanism from FIG. 23A from a sectional side view. FIG.23E schematically shows a portion of a drive mechanism component from afront side view according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 23Fschematically shows the portion of the drive mechanism component of FIG.23E from a rear side view. FIG. 23G schematically shows the portion ofthe drive mechanism component of FIG. 23E from a side view. FIG. 23Hschematically shows the portion of the drive mechanism component of FIG.23E from a sectional side view. FIG. 23I schematically shows an explodedside view of a gear structure according to one embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 23J schematically depicts the gear structure from FIG.23I from a rear side view. FIG. 23K schematically depicts the gearstructure from FIG. 23I from a side view. FIG. 23L schematically depictsthe gear structure from FIG. 23I from a front side view. FIG. 23Mschematically shows an exploded side view of the drive mechanismcomponent of FIG. 23E and the gear structure of FIG. 23I according toone embodiment of the invention. FIG. 23N schematically shows anexploded sectional side view of the drive mechanism component of FIG.23E and the gear structure of FIG. 23I according to one embodiment ofthe invention. FIG. 23O schematically depicts the drive mechanismcomponent of FIG. 23E and the gear structure of FIG. 23I from a sideview. FIG. 23P schematically depicts the drive mechanism component ofFIG. 23E and the gear structure of FIG. 23I from sectional side view.FIG. 23Q schematically depicts an exploded side view of the rotationalmechanism from FIG. 23B and the portion of the drive mechanism componentof FIG. 23E according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 23Rschematically depicts an exploded side sectional view of the rotationalmechanism from FIG. 23B and the portion of the drive mechanism componentof FIG. 23E according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 23Sschematically depicts a side view of the rotational mechanism from FIG.23B and the portion of the drive mechanism component of FIG. 23Eaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 23T schematicallydepicts a sectional side view of the rotational mechanism from FIG. 23Band the portion of the drive mechanism component of FIG. 23E accordingto one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 24A schematically illustrates a partially exploded view of a toothbrushing device according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 24Bschematically shows an assembled tooth brushing device from FIG. 24Afrom a side view. FIG. 24C schematically depicts the tooth brushingdevice of FIG. 24B from a top side view. FIG. 24D schematically depictsa rotary mechanism from the tooth brushing device of FIG. 24B from aside view.

FIG. 25A schematically shows a rotary mechanism for a tooth brushingdevice from a side view according to one embodiment of the invention.FIG. 25B schematically depicts a toothbrush head component that includesthe rotary mechanism of FIG. 25A from a side view according to oneembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 26 schematically illustrates a cleaning device from a side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 27 A-G schematically illustrate rotary units or components thereoffrom various views according to one exemplary embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 27A schematically shows a rotational component from afront side view according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 27Bschematically shows the rotational component from FIG. 27A from a sidesectional view. FIG. 27C schematically depicts the rotational componentfrom FIG. 27A from a side view. FIG. 27D schematically depicts therotational component from FIG. 27A from a side view with a surfaceincluding implements. FIG. 27E schematically shows the rotationalcomponent from FIG. 27D from a front side view. FIG. 27F schematicallyshows a rotary unit that includes the rotational component from FIG. 27Aand first and third gear components from a front side view according toone exemplary embodiment of the invention. FIG. 27G schematically showsa rotary unit that includes the rotational component from FIG. 27A and asecond gear component from a front side view according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 28 A-I schematically illustrate a rotary mechanism or componentsthereof from various views according to one exemplary embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 28A schematically shows a rotary mechanism from a frontside view according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 28Bschematically shows rotational components positioned relative to oneanother from a cross-sectional view according to one embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 28C schematically illustrates gear components of acounter-rotational mechanism operably engaging a drive mechanismcomponent from a side view according to one embodiment of the invention.FIG. 28D schematically illustrates gear components of acounter-rotational mechanism operably engaging a drive mechanismcomponent from a side view according to one embodiment of the invention.FIG. 28E schematically shows the gear and drive mechanism componentsfrom FIGS. 28 C and D positioned relative to one another from a sideview. FIG. 28F schematically shows the rotary mechanism from FIG. 28Afrom a side view. FIG. 28G schematically depicts the rotary mechanismfrom FIG. 28A from a side sectional view. FIG. 28H schematically depictsthe rotary mechanism from FIG. 28G from a side sectional view with anexemplary motor. FIG. 28I schematically shows the rotary mechanism fromFIG. 28H from a side view with rotational components includingimplements.

FIGS. 29 A-C schematically illustrate a rotary mechanism or componentsthereof from various views according to one exemplary embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 29A schematically shows portions of a rotationalcomponent prior to assembly from a side view. FIG. 29B schematicallydepicts a rotary mechanism that includes the rotational component fromFIG. 29A prior to assembly from a front side view. FIG. 29Cschematically depicts the rotary mechanism from FIG. 29B from a sideview.

FIGS. 30 A and B schematically show gear and drive mechanism componentsprior to and following assembly, respectively, according to oneexemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 31 A and B schematically show gear and drive mechanism componentsprior to and following assembly, respectively, according to oneexemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 32A schematically shows a detailed front side view of a drivemechanism component receiving area according to one embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 32B schematically shows a detailed front side view of a drivemechanism portion configured to be received by the drive mechanismcomponent receiving area from FIG. 32A according to one embodiment ofthe invention.

FIG. 33 schematically shows a rotary mechanism prior to assembly from aside view according to one embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 34 A-C schematically depict a tooth brushing device or componentsthereof from various views according to one exemplary embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 34A schematically shows a rotary mechanism and drivemechanism components from a side view according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention. FIG. 34B schematically illustrates a toothbrushing device that includes the rotary mechanism and drive mechanismcomponents from FIG. 34A from a partially transparent side view. FIG.34C schematically shows a tooth brushing device that includes the rotarymechanism and drive mechanism components from FIG. 34A from a side view.

FIGS. 35 A-F schematically show a rotary mechanism or components thereoffrom various views according to one exemplary embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 35A schematically illustrates gear and drive mechanismcomponents of a rotary mechanism prior to assembly from a side view.FIG. 35B schematically illustrates gear and drive mechanism componentsof a rotary mechanism from a side view. FIG. 35C schematicallyillustrates the gear and drive mechanism components from FIG. 35Bpositioned relative to rotational components from a sectional side view.FIG. 35D schematically shows the rotary mechanism from FIG. 35C from afront side view. FIG. 35E schematically shows the rotary mechanism fromFIG. 35C from a side view. FIG. 35F schematically shows a drivemechanism positioning component from a front side view according to oneexemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 36 A and B schematically show a tooth brushing device orcomponents thereof from various views according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention. FIG. 36A schematically depicts a toothbrushing device from a partially transparent side view according to oneexemplary embodiment of the invention. FIG. 36B schematically depictsthe tooth brushing device from FIG. 36A from a side view.

FIG. 37A schematically illustrates a partially exploded view of a toothbrushing device according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 37Bschematically shows an assembled tooth brushing device from FIG. 37Afrom a side view. FIG. 37C schematically depicts the tooth brushingdevice of FIG. 37B from a top side view. FIG. 37D schematically depictsa rotary mechanism from the tooth brushing device of FIG. 37B from aside view.

FIG. 38A schematically depicts portions of a rotational or rotarymechanism prior to assembly from a side view according to one embodimentof the invention. FIG. 38B schematically shows a rotational mechanismassembled from the portions illustrated in FIG. 38A from a side view.

FIGS. 39 A and B schematically show top and side views, respectively, ofexemplary implements according to one embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 40 A and B schematically show top and side views, respectively, ofexemplary implements according to one embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 41 A and B schematically show top and side views, respectively, ofexemplary implements according to one embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 42A-E schematically illustrate top views of exemplary implementsaccording to various embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 43A-C schematically illustrate side views of exemplary implementsaccording to various embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 44 schematically shows a head portion of a tooth brushing devicefrom partially transparent top view according to one embodiment of theinvention.

FIGS. 45A-J schematically illustrate tooth brushing devices orcomponents thereof from various views according to certain embodimentsof the invention. FIGS. 45A-C schematically show a rotational componentfrom bottom, top, and side views, respectively. FIGS. 45D and Eschematically show rotational components and drive mechanism componentsor portions thereof from bottom and top views according to oneembodiment of the invention. FIG. 45F schematically illustrates therotational components and drive mechanism components or portions thereoffrom FIG. 45E operably connected to motor and power source componentsfrom a side view. FIG. 45G schematically depict rotational componentsoperably connected to drive mechanism components from a side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. FIG. 45H schematicallyshows a tooth brushing device that includes the rotational componentsand drive mechanism components from FIG. 45F from a partiallytransparent side view according to one embodiment of the invention.FIGS. 45 I and J schematically show the tooth brushing device of FIG.45H from side and top views, respectively.

FIGS. 46 A and B schematically show a tooth brushing device orcomponents thereof from various views according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention. FIG. 46A schematically depicts a toothbrushing device from a partially transparent side view according to oneexemplary embodiment of the invention. FIG. 46B schematically depictsthe tooth brushing device from FIG. 46A from a side view.

FIGS. 47 A and B schematically illustrate a tooth brushing device orcomponents thereof from various views according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention. FIG. 47A schematically depicts a toothbrushing device with a head portion detached from a handle portion froma partially transparent side view according to one exemplary embodimentof the invention. FIG. 47B schematically depicts the tooth brushingdevice from FIG. 47A with the head portion operably connected to thehandle portion from a partially transparent side view.

FIGS. 48A-F schematically illustrate a tooth brushing device orcomponents thereof from various views according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention. FIG. 48A schematically depicts a toothbrushing device detached from a material container from a partiallytransparent side view according to one exemplary embodiment of theinvention. FIG. 48B schematically depicts the tooth brushing device fromFIG. 48A operably connected to the material container from a partiallytransparent side view. FIG. 48C schematically depicts the tooth brushingdevice from FIG. 48B from a side view. FIG. 48D schematically depictsportions of the tooth brushing device and material container from FIG.48A from a partially transparent side view according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention. FIG. 48E schematically depicts portions ofthe tooth brushing device and material container from FIG. 48B from apartially transparent side view. FIG. 48F schematically shows thematerial container from FIG. 48A from a top view.

FIG. 49 schematically depicts portions of a tooth brushing device from apartially transparent side view according to one exemplary embodiment ofthe invention.

FIGS. 50 A and B schematically illustrate a tooth brushing device orcomponents thereof from various views according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention. FIG. 50A schematically shows portions of atooth brushing device detached from a material container from apartially transparent side view according to one exemplary embodiment ofthe invention. FIG. 50B schematically shows the material container fromFIG. 50A from a top view.

FIG. 51 schematically shows a head portion of a tooth brushing devicefrom a side view according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 52A-C schematically illustrate a sanitizing component from variousviews according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention. FIG. 52Aschematically shows a head portion of a toothbrushing device beingpositioned relative to a sanitizing component from a side view. FIG. 52Bschematically shows a head portion of a toothbrushing device positionedrelative to the sanitizing component from FIG. 52A from a partiallytransparent side view. FIG. 52C schematically depicts the head portionof a toothbrushing device and sanitizing component from FIG. 52B from atop view.

FIG. 53 schematically shows a head portion of a toothbrushing devicepositioned relative to a sanitizing component from a partiallytransparent side view according to one exemplary embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 54 schematically shows a head portion of a toothbrushing devicepositioned relative to a sanitizing component from a partiallytransparent side view according to one exemplary embodiment of theinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. Introduction

Before describing the invention in detail, it is to be understood thatthis invention is not limited to particular methods, rotary units,rotary mechanisms, devices, or systems, which can vary. As used in thisspecification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and“the” also include plural referents unless the context clearly providesotherwise. It is also to be understood that the terminology used hereinis for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is notintended to be limiting. Further, unless defined otherwise, alltechnical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning ascommonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which thisinvention pertains. In describing and claiming the invention, thefollowing terminology, and grammatical variants thereof, will be used inaccordance with the definitions set forth below.

The term “coaxially positioned” refers to objects that are positionedrelative to one another such that they can rotate about a substantiallycoincident axis.

The term “fixed position” refers to objects that are positioned relativeto one another such that they do not move separately from one another.In some embodiments, for example, gear components (e.g., sun gearcomponents) are attached (e.g., integrally fabricated, bonded, welded,adhered, or the like) to rotational components, such that when therotational components move in one direction, the gear components move inthe same direction as the rotational components.

The term “counter-rotate” or “contra-rotate” refers to objects thatrotate in opposite directions relative to one another. In someembodiments, for example, rotary mechanisms include rotationalcomponents that are configured to rotate in opposite directions.

The term “communicate” refers to the direct or indirect transfer ortransmission, and/or capability of directly or indirectly transferringor transmitting, something at least from one thing to another thing. Insome embodiments, for example, devices include housings having openingsthrough which hair, finger nails, or the like can be transferred tocontact implements within housing cavities of the devices.

The invention relates to rotary units and rotary mechanisms that aresuitable for use in numerous applications. Rotary units typicallyinclude rotational components that are configured to rotate. In someembodiments, for example, multiple rotary units are assembled in rotarymechanisms such that neighboring pairs of rotational componentscounter-rotate or contra-rotate relative to one another during operationof the rotary mechanisms. Rotational components generally include one ormore implements that are structured to perform or effect one or moretypes of work as the rotational components rotate relative to oneanother in a given rotary mechanism. In certain embodiments, implementsare configured to rotate and/or to effect the movement of othercomponents as rotational components rotate. The representativeembodiments described herein are intended to illustrate, but not tolimit, the invention. Essentially any combination of components orportions thereof described herein are optionally utilized or adapted foruse together in certain embodiments.

II. Exemplary Rotary Units

FIGS. 1 A-H schematically show a rotary unit or components thereofaccording to one embodiment of the invention. As shown, rotary unit 100includes rotational component 102, which includes first gear component104 disposed on a first side of rotational component 102 (e.g., in aninner region of the first side) and second gear component 106 disposedon a second side of rotational component 102 (e.g., in an outer regionof the second side). As shown, the first and second sides substantiallyoppose one another. Gear components used with the rotary units, rotarymechanisms, and other applications of the invention typically includegear teeth. Any operable gear tooth configuration and/or type areoptionally used in the rotary units, rotary mechanisms and applicationsof the invention. Second gear component 106 substantially defines gearstructure receiving area 108, which is configured to receive gearstructure 110. Gear structure 110 includes support component 112 andthird gear components 114. Third gear components 114 are configured tooperably engage second gear component 106 such that when third gearcomponents 114 rotate in a first direction, second gear component 106and rotational component 102 also rotate the first direction. Third gearcomponents 114 are configured to operably engage other gear components,such as a first gear component of another rotary unit such that when theother gear components rotate in a second direction, third gearcomponents 114, second gear component 106, and rotational component 102all rotate in the first direction. Rotary unit 100 also includesretaining mechanism 116 (shown as a wall or lip in this exemplaryembodiment) that is structured to retain gear structure 110 at leastpartially in gear structure receiving area 108. As further shown in FIG.1I, for example, in some embodiments during rotary unit assemblyretaining mechanism 116 is attached to rotational component 102, oncegear structure 110 is positioned in gear structure receiving area 108,via attachment components 118 (e.g., which clip into correspondingnotches (not within view) in rotational component 102 in thisrepresentative embodiment).

Rotary unit 100 also includes implements 120 shown as beads that can beused, for example, as part of a massaging device or the like.Essentially any implement (e.g., type(s) and/or number on a givenrotational component, etc.) is optionally adapted for use with therotary units of the present invention, e.g., depending on the intendedapplication of a given rotary unit. Representative implements that areoptionally used include one or more of, e.g., a blade, a razor, a prong,a peg, a claw, a tine, a chain, a stake, a column, a pillar, an arch, abracket, a gear component, a bristle, a plume, an abrasive component, anelastomeric component, a nail filing component, a nail buffingcomponent, a hair cutting component, a massaging component, a post, orthe like. Some exemplary implements 200-210 are also illustrated fromside elevational views in, e.g., FIGS. 2 A-F.

In addition, rotary unit 100 also includes drive mechanism componentreceiving area 122 (shown as a hole disposed through rotationalcomponent 102) that is configured to receive a drive mechanismcomponent, such as a drive shaft or a portion thereof. Other exemplarydrive mechanism components are described herein or otherwise known inthe art.

FIGS. 3 A-G schematically illustrate a rotary unit or components thereofaccording to one embodiment of the invention. As shown, rotary unit 300includes rotational component 302, which includes first gear component304 extending from a first side, and second gear component 306 on asecond side and substantially defining gear structure receiving area308. Rotary unit 300 also includes gear structure 310, which includesthird gear components 312 rotatably coupled to support component 314. Asalso shown, gear structure 310 includes hole 316 that is structured toalign with drive mechanism component receiving area 318 of rotationalcomponent 302, e.g., to receive a drive mechanism component, such as adrive shaft about which gear structure 310 and rotational component 302rotate.

Rotary unit 300 also includes a retaining mechanism that is configuredto retain gear structure 310 in position relative to rotationalcomponent 302 such that the components can operably engage one anotherduring operation. The retaining mechanism of rotary unit 300 includesgroove or track 320 disposed approximately around gear structurereceiving area 308 in rotational component 302. In addition, theretaining mechanism also includes projections 322 of gear structure 310that insert into groove or track 320 such that gear structure 310 isretained and rotates within gear structure receiving area 308.

In some embodiments, the rotational components of the rotary units ofthe invention include implements that are configured to effect themovement of one or more other components (e.g., propeller components orthe like) when the rotational components rotate and the implementsoperably engage the other components. To illustrate, rotationalcomponent 302 of rotary unit 300 also includes gear component 324 thatis configured to operably engage other gear components of othercomponents, e.g., to effect rotation of those components when rotationalcomponent 302 rotates.

FIGS. 4 A-G schematically show another exemplary embodiment of a rotaryunit of the invention. As shown, rotary unit 400 includes rotationalcomponent 402 that includes first and second surfaces that substantiallyoppose one another. First gear component 404 is disposed on the firstsurface of rotational component 402 and is configured to operably engagethird gear components of another rotary unit. Second gear component 406is disposed on the second surface of rotational component 402 andsubstantially defines gear structure receiving area or cavity 408.

Rotary unit 400 also include gear structure 410, which includes supportstructure 412 and third gear components 414 rotatably coupled to supportstructure 412. Rotary unit 400 also includes a retaining mechanismformed, in part, by groove or track 416 formed in rotational component402. Circular projection 418 disposed on support structure 412 of gearstructure 410 is configured to fit within groove or track 416 such thatgear structure 410 is retained, yet permitted to rotate, within gearstructure receiving area 408. As also shown, rotary unit 400 alsoincludes implements 420 (shown as blades) extending from a surface ofrotational component 402.

FIGS. 5 A and B schematically illustrate a rotary unit according toanother exemplary embodiment of the invention. As shown, rotary unit 500includes rotational component 502. First gear component 504 extends froma first side of rotational component 502, while gear structure 506engages a second gear component in a gear structure receiving area on asecond side of rotational component 502 and partially extends from thegear structure receiving area. Gear structure 506 includes third gearcomponents 508 rotatably coupled to support structure 510. Rotary unit500 also includes a retaining mechanism formed, in part, by groove ortrack 512 formed in the gear structure receiving area of rotationalcomponent 502. Circular projection 514 disposed on support structure 510of gear structure 506 is configured to fit within groove or track 512such that gear structure 506 is retained, yet permitted to rotate,within the gear structure receiving area of rotational component 502.First gear component 504 is configured to engage one or more third gearcomponents of another rotary unit. Third gear components 508 areconfigured to engage the second gear component in the gear structurereceiving area and a first gear component of another rotary unit.

FIGS. 6 A-G schematically show a rotary unit or components thereofaccording to another representative embodiment of the invention. Asshown, rotary unit 600 includes rotational component 602. Rotationalcomponent 602 includes first gear component 604 on a first side andsecond gear component 606 on a second side. Second gear component 606substantially defines a gear structure receiving area of rotationalcomponent 602. Rotary unit 600 also includes gear structure 608 disposedwithin the gear structure receiving area. Gear structure 608 includesthird gear components 610 rotatably coupled to support component 612.Third gear components 610 are configured to operably engage second gearcomponent 606 of rotational component 602 and the first gear componentof another rotary unit or another gear component, such as a component ofa drive mechanism or the like. Gear structure 608 also includes hole oraperture 614, which is structured to align with drive mechanismcomponent receiving area 616 of rotational component 602, e.g., toreceive a drive mechanism component, such as a drive shaft about whichgear structure 608 and rotational component 602 rotate. Rotary unit 600also includes a retaining mechanism that is configured to retain andpermit gear structure 608 to rotate within the gear structure receivingarea of rotational component 602. In particular, support component 612of gear structure 608 includes partially circular indentation 618 androtational component 602 comprises projection 620 (e.g., an elevatedcircular track or the like). Projection 620 is configured to at leastpartially fit and move within partially circular indentation 618 toretain gear structure 608 at least partially within the gear structurereceiving area when second gear component 606 and third gear components610 operably engage one another. In some embodiments, gear structurescomprise projections, such as projection 620 and rotational componentscomprise the substantially or partially circular indentation (e.g., acircular track or groove structured to receive the projection).

Rotary unit 600 also includes implements 622 that are rotatably coupledto rotational component 602. As shown, rotatably coupled implements 622include gear components 624 that are configured to operably engage acorresponding gear component on a neighboring rotary unit when theneighboring rotary unit is disposed suitably proximal to rotary unit600. In these embodiments, during operation, as neighboring rotary unitscounter-rotate relative to one another, rotatably coupled implements,such as implements 622 (e.g., shown as bristles suitable for atoothbrush, household cleaning device, or the like) also rotate. Tofurther illustrate, rotary unit 600 includes gear component 626 that isconfigured to operably engage rotatably coupled implements disposed on aneighboring rotary unit.

FIGS. 7 A-C schematically show a rotary unit according to one embodimentof the invention. As shown, rotary unit 700 includes rotationalcomponent 702, which includes first gear component 704 on a first side.Rotary unit 700 also includes a gear structure 706 disposed and able torotate within a gear structure receiving area of rotational component702. Lip or wall 708 retains gear structure 706 in the gear structurereceiving area. Rotary unit 700 also includes alignment components thatare structured to align rotary units relative to one another, e.g., in agiven device or other application. In particular, the first side ofrotational component 702 includes circular groove 710, while the secondside of rotational component 702 includes circular ridge 712. Circulargroove 710 is configured to receive a circular ridge (e.g., circularridge 812) of another rotary unit (e.g., rotary unit 800), whichcircular ridge is configured to rotate within circular groove 710. Incontrast, circular ridge 712 is configured to fit and rotate within acircular groove (e.g., circular groove 810) of another rotary unit(e.g., rotary unit 800). In some embodiments, the first side ofrotational component 702 includes circular ridge 712, while the secondside of rotational component 702 includes circular groove 710.

Rotary unit 700 also includes drive mechanism component receiving area714 that is configured to receive a drive mechanism component (e.g.,drive mechanism component 816 (shown as a drive shaft) of rotary unit800). Rotational component 702 is configured to rotate about a drivemechanism component (e.g., drive mechanism component 816 of rotary unit800), while first gear component 704 operably engages a gear component(e.g., a gear component of a gear structure) of another rotary unit(e.g., a rotary unit, such as a rotary unit 800) and gear components ofgear structure 706 operably engage another gear component (e.g., a firstgear component) of yet another rotary unit (e.g., another rotary unit,such as another rotary unit 800). As also shown, a surface of rotationalcomponent 702 also includes multiple implements 716 (shown as razors orcutting edges) that are optionally used in hair cutting devices or otherapplications. Other implements are also optionally used.

FIGS. 8 A-C schematically show a rotary unit according to one embodimentof the invention. As shown, rotary unit 800 includes rotationalcomponent 802, which includes first gear component 804 on a first side.Rotary unit 800 also includes a gear structure 806 disposed and able torotate within a gear structure receiving area of rotational component802. Lip or wall 808 retains gear structure 806 in the gear structurereceiving area. Rotary unit 800 also includes alignment components thatare structured to align rotary units relative to one another, e.g., in agiven device or other application. In particular, the first side ofrotational component 802 includes circular groove 810, while the secondside of rotational component 802 includes circular ridge 812. Circulargroove 810 is configured to receive a circular ridge (e.g., circularridge 712) of another rotary unit (e.g., rotary unit 700), whichcircular ridge is configured to rotate within circular groove 810. Incontrast, circular ridge 812 is configured to fit and rotate within acircular groove (e.g., circular groove 710) of another rotary unit(e.g., rotary unit 700). In some embodiments, the first side ofrotational component 802 includes circular ridge 812, while the secondside of rotational component 802 includes circular groove 810.

Rotary unit 800 also includes drive mechanism component receiving area814 that is configured to receive a drive mechanism component (e.g.,drive mechanism component 816 of a rotary unit 800). In the embodimentshown, drive mechanism component receiving area 814 includes a femalethreaded region that is configured to receive a male threaded region ofdrive mechanism component 816 of another rotary unit 800. As describedabove, another rotary unit (such as a rotary unit 700) is configured tofit between two rotary units 800 and rotate around a drive mechanismcomponent 816 of one of the rotary units 800. As also shown, a surfaceof rotational component 802 also includes multiple implements 818 (shownas razors or cutting edges) that are optionally used in hair cuttingdevices or other applications. Other implements are also optionallyused.

FIGS. 9A-L schematically depict an exemplary rotary unit or componentsthereof according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown, rotaryunit 900 includes rotational component 902 that is configured to rotatearound rotational axis 904. Rotational component 902 includes firstsurface 906 and second surface 908. First surface 906 includes gearcomponent 910 (e.g., a sun gear component, etc.) that is configured tooperably engage one or more gear components of at least a secondrotational component (not shown) when rotational component 902 isdisposed proximal to the second rotational component such that when therotational component 902 rotates in a first direction, the secondrotational component rotates in a second direction. In addition, secondsurface 908 comprises gear component 912 (e.g., a ring gear component,etc.) that is configured to operably engage one or more gear components(via gear components 914) of a third rotational (not shown) componentwhen rotational component 902 is disposed proximal to the thirdrotational component such that when rotational component 902 rotates inthe first direction, the second rotational component rotates in thesecond direction.

Gear structure 915 includes support component 917 and gear components914 (e.g., planetary gear components or the like), which are rotatablycoupled to support component 917. Support component 917 of gearstructure 915 also includes friction reducing materials 919 (shown aselevated or pointed surface features) to reduce friction as rotationalcomponent 902 rotates relative to support component 917. As also shownin, for example, FIGS. 9J-L, surface 916 of the rotational component 902comprises implement 918 (shown as a plurality of bristles), whichsurface 916 is configured to rotate substantially non-perpendicular torotational axis 904. In this embodiment, for example, surface 916 ofrotational component 902 is configured to rotate substantially parallelto rotational axis 904.

Rotary unit 900 also includes friction reducing materials 920 (shown asroller balls) disposed on first surface 906 of rotational component 902to reduce friction as rotational component 902 rotates relative toanother rotational component. In the embodiments in which frictionreducing materials are utilized, essentially any friction reducingmaterial is optionally adapted for use with the rotary units of theinvention. Other exemplary embodiments include, for example, coatings(e.g., TEFLON®, etc.), lubricants, surface features, and/or the like.Rotational or rotary mechanisms typically include one or more rotaryunits 900. Exemplary rotational mechanisms are described further herein.

As further shown in FIG. 9I, for example, in some embodiments duringrotary unit assembly retaining mechanism 922 is attached to anotherportion of rotational component 902, once gear structure 915 ispositioned in a gear structure receiving area, via attachment components924 (e.g., which clip into corresponding notches (not within view) inthe portion of the rotational component that includes retainingmechanism 922 in this representative embodiment).

In addition, rotary unit 900 also includes drive mechanism componentreceiving area 925 (shown as a hole disposed through rotationalcomponent 902) that is configured to receive a drive mechanismcomponent, such as a drive shaft or a portion thereof. Other exemplarydrive mechanism components are described herein or otherwise known inthe art.

FIGS. 100A-M schematically depict an exemplary rotary unit or componentsthereof according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown, rotaryunit 1000 includes rotational component 1002 that is configured torotate around rotational axis 1004. Rotational component 1002 includesfirst surface 1006 and second surface 1008. First surface 1006 includesgear component 1010 (e.g., a sun gear component, etc.) that isconfigured to operably engage one or more gear components of at least asecond rotational component (not shown) when rotational component 1002is disposed proximal to the second rotational component such that whenthe rotational component 1002 rotates in a first direction, the secondrotational component rotates in a second direction. In addition, secondsurface 1008 comprises gear component 1012 (e.g., a ring gear component,etc.) that is configured to operably engage one or more gear components(via gear components 1014) of a third rotational (not shown) componentwhen rotational component 1002 is disposed proximal to the thirdrotational component such that when rotational component 1002 rotates inthe first direction, the third rotational component rotates in thesecond direction (e.g., in the same direction as the second rotationalcomponent).

Gear structure 1015 includes support component 1017 and gear components1014 (e.g., planetary gear components or the like), which are rotatablycoupled to support component 1017. Support component 1017 of gearstructure 1015 also includes friction reducing materials 1019 (shown aselevated or pointed surface features) to reduce friction as rotationalcomponent 1002 rotates relative to support component 1017. As also shownin, for example, FIGS. 10K-M, surface 1016 of the rotational component1002 comprises implement 1018 (shown as a plurality of bristles), whichsurface 1016 is configured to rotate substantially non-perpendicular torotational axis 1004. In this embodiment, for example, surface 1016 ofrotational component 1002 is configured to rotate substantially parallelto rotational axis 1004.

Rotary unit 1000 also includes friction reducing materials 1020 (shownas elevated surface features) disposed on first surface 1006 ofrotational component 1002 to reduce friction as rotational component1002 rotates relative to another rotational component. In theembodiments in which friction reducing materials are utilized,essentially any friction reducing material is optionally adapted for usewith the rotary units of the invention. Other exemplary embodimentsinclude, for example, coatings (e.g., TEFLON®, etc.), lubricants,surface features, and/or the like. In some embodiments of the rotaryunits of the invention, friction reducing materials are not utilized.Rotational mechanisms typically include one or more rotary units 1000.Exemplary rotational or rotary mechanisms are described further herein.

In addition, rotary unit 1000 also includes drive mechanism componentreceiving area 1024 (shown as a hole disposed through rotationalcomponent 1002) that is configured to receive a drive mechanismcomponent, such as a drive shaft or a portion thereof. Other exemplarydrive mechanism components are described herein or otherwise known inthe art.

To further illustrate, FIGS. 11A-G schematically show a rotary unit orcomponents thereof according to an exemplary embodiment of theinvention. As shown, rotary unit 1100 includes rotational component 1102that is configured to rotate around rotational axis 1104. Rotationalcomponent 1102 includes first surface 1106 and second surface 1108.First surface 1106 includes gear component 1110 (e.g., a sun gearcomponent, etc.) that is configured to operably engage one or more gearcomponents (via gear components 1114) of at least a second rotationalcomponent (not shown) when rotational component 1102 is disposedproximal to the second rotational component such that when therotational component 1102 rotates in a first direction, the secondrotational component rotates in a second direction. In addition, secondsurface 1108 comprises gear component 1112 (e.g., a ring gear component,etc.) that is configured to operably engage one or more gear componentsof a third rotational (not shown) component when rotational component1102 is disposed proximal to the third rotational component such thatwhen rotational component 1102 rotates in the first direction, the thirdrotational component rotates in the second direction (e.g., in the samedirection as the second rotational component).

Gear structure 1115 includes support component 1117 and gear components1114 (e.g., planetary gear components or the like), which are rotatablycoupled to support component 1117. Support component 1117 of gearstructure 1115 also includes friction reducing materials 1119 (shown aselevated or pointed surface features) to reduce friction as rotationalcomponent 1102 rotates relative to support component 1117. As also shownin, for example, FIGS. 11E-G, surface 1116 of the rotational component1102 comprises implement 1118 (shown as a plurality of bristles in thisexemplary embodiment), which surface 1116 is configured to rotatesubstantially non-perpendicular to rotational axis 1104. In thisembodiment, for example, surface 1116 of rotational component 1102 isconfigured to rotate substantially parallel to rotational axis 1104.Rotational mechanisms typically include one or more rotary units 1100.Exemplary rotational or rotary mechanisms are described further herein.

In addition, rotary unit 1100 also includes drive mechanism componentreceiving area 1124 (shown as a hole disposed through rotationalcomponent 1102) that is configured to receive a drive mechanismcomponent, such as a drive shaft or a portion thereof. Other exemplarydrive mechanism components are described herein or otherwise known inthe art.

FIGS. 12A-F schematically show a rotary unit or components thereofaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. As shown, rotaryunit 1200 includes rotational component 1202 that includes gearcomponent 1210 (e.g., a sun gear component, etc.) that is configured tooperably engage one or more gear components of at least a secondrotational component (not shown) when rotational component 1202 isdisposed proximal to the second rotational component such that when therotational component 1202 rotates in a first direction, the secondrotational component rotates in a second direction. In addition,rotational component 1202 comprises gear component 1212 (e.g., a ringgear component, etc.) that is configured to operably engage one or moregear components (via gear components 1214) of a third rotational (notshown) component when rotational component 1202 is disposed proximal tothe third rotational component such that when rotational component 1202rotates in the first direction, the third rotational component rotatesin the second direction. Rotational component 1202 is structured similarto rotational component 1002 described herein, but further includesrecessed area 1203, which is described below.

Gear structure 1215 includes support component 1217 and gear components1214 (e.g., planetary gear components or the like), which are rotatablycoupled to support component 1217. Support component 1217 of gearstructure 1215 also includes friction reducing materials 1219 (shown aselevated or pointed surface features) to reduce friction as rotationalcomponent 1202 rotates relative to support component 1217. As alsoshown, gear structure 1215 also includes retaining features 1220 thatare structured to fit and move within recessed area 1203 when gearstructure 1215 is disposed in the gear structure receiving area ofrotational component 1202. Retaining features 1220 further align andretain gear structure 1215 relative to rotational component 1202. Insome embodiments, retaining features 1220 are not included. Although notshown, rotary unit 1200 also typically includes one or more implements.Rotational or rotary mechanisms typically include one or more rotaryunits 1200. Exemplary rotational mechanisms are described furtherherein.

In addition, rotary unit 1200 also includes drive mechanism componentreceiving area 1224 (shown as a hole disposed through rotationalcomponent 1202) that is configured to receive a drive mechanismcomponent, such as a drive shaft or a portion thereof. Other exemplarydrive mechanism components are described herein or otherwise known inthe art.

FIGS. 13A-E schematically show components of rotary unit according toone exemplary embodiment of the invention. As shown, the rotary unitincludes rotational component 1302 and gear component 1304 (e.g., aplanetary gear component or the like). Although not shown, rotationalcomponent 1302 typically includes one or more implements (e.g., gearcomponents, bristles, prongs, blades, etc.). Rotational component 1302includes gear component 1310 (e.g., a ring gear component, etc.) that isconfigured to operably engage or mesh with gear component 1304.Rotational mechanisms that include these components are describedfurther herein.

FIGS. 14A-D schematically show a rotary unit or components thereofaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. As shown, rotaryunit 1400 includes rotational component 1402 that includes gearcomponent 1410 (e.g., a sun gear component, etc.), gear component 1412(e.g., a ring gear component, etc.), and gear structure receiving area1413. Gear component 1410 substantially fixedly extends from firstsurface 1406 of rotational component 1402. Gear component 1410 isconfigured to operably engage or mesh with one or more other gearcomponents of another rotary unit when gear component 1410 is disposedproximal to the other gear components. Gear component 1412 substantiallyfixedly extends from second surface 1408 of rotational component 1402.Gear component 1412 communicates with gear structure receiving area1413. Gear structure receiving area 1413 is configured to receive gearstructure 1415.

Gear structure 1415 includes support component 1417 and gear components1414 (e.g., planetary gear components or the like), which are rotatablycoupled to support component 1417. Gear components 1414 are configuredto operably engage or mesh with one or more other gear components whengear components 1414 are disposed proximal to the other gear components.Rotational component 1402 is configured to rotate relative to supportcomponent 1417, which support component 1417 is substantially fixedlypositioned when rotational component 1402 rotates relative to supportcomponent 1417. Gear components 1414 are configured to rotate relativeto rotational component 1402. Gear structures that include supportcomponents 1417 are described further herein. Although not shown, rotaryunit 1400 also typically includes one or more implements. Rotational orrotary mechanisms typically include one or more rotary units 1400.Exemplary rotational mechanisms are described further herein.

FIGS. 15A-D schematically illustrate a rotary unit according to oneembodiment of the invention. As shown, rotary unit 1500 includesrotational component 1502 that includes first sun gear component 1504and second sun gear component 1506 on first and second surfaces,respectively, of rotational component 1502, which substantially opposeone another. First sun gear component 1504 is configured to operablyengage one or more gear components of at least a second rotationalcomponent (not shown) when rotational component 1502 is disposedproximal to the second rotational component such that when rotationalcomponent 1502 rotates in a first direction, the second rotationalcomponent rotates in a second direction. Second sun gear component 1506is configured to operably engage one or more gear components of at leasta third rotational component (not shown) when rotational component 1502is disposed proximal to the third rotational component such that whenrotational component 1502 rotates in the first direction, the thirdrotational component rotates in the second direction. Exemplary gearsthat are optionally adapted for use with the rotary units, rotationalmechanisms, and related applications of the invention are also describedin, e.g., Dudley, Handbook of Practical Gear Design (MechanicalEngineering Series), CRC Press, 1^(st) Ed. (1994) and Litvin andFuentes, Gear Geometry and Applied Theory, Cambridge University Press;2^(nd) Ed. (2004), which are both incorporated herein in their entiretyfor all purposes.

Rotary unit 1500 also includes hole 1508 disposed through rotationalcomponent 1502. Hole 1508 is configured to receive, e.g., a drivemechanism component (e.g., an axle, a shaft, a gear structure component,etc.) or a support component such that rotational component 1502 canrotate around the drive mechanism component, the support component, orthe like. Rotational component 1502 also includes friction reducingmaterials 1510 (shown as elevated or pointed surface features) to reducefriction as rotational component 1502 rotates relative to, e.g., otherrotational components. In addition, rotational component 1502 alsoincludes implements 1512 on a surface of rotational component 1502 thatis configured to rotate substantially non-perpendicular to a rotationalaxis of rotary unit 1500. Essentially any implement is optionallyadapted for use with rotary unit 1500, including the exemplaryimplements described herein. Rotary unit 1500 is typically included in arotational or rotary mechanism, a device or the like. Exemplaryrotational mechanisms that include rotary unit 1500 are describedherein. In addition, representative devices that are optionally adaptedto include rotary unit 1500 are also described herein.

FIGS. 16 A-Q schematically illustrate a rotary unit or componentsthereof according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown, rotaryunit 1600 includes rotational component 1602 that includes first ringgear component 1604 and second ring gear component 1606 on first andsecond surfaces, respectively, of rotational component 1602, whichsubstantially oppose one another. First ring gear component 1604 isconfigured to operably engage one or more gear components of at least asecond rotational component (not shown) when rotational component 1602is disposed proximal to the second rotational component such that whenrotational component 1602 rotates in a first direction, the secondrotational component rotates in a second direction. Second ring gearcomponent 1606 is configured to operably engage one or more gearcomponents of at least a third rotational component (not shown) whenrotational component 1602 is disposed proximal to the third rotationalcomponent such that when rotational component 1602 rotates in the firstdirection, the third rotational component rotates in the seconddirection.

Rotary unit 1600 also includes hole 1608 disposed through rotationalcomponent 1602. Hole 1608 is configured to receive, e.g., a drivemechanism component (e.g., an axle, a shaft, a gear structure component,etc.) or a support component such that rotational component 1602 canrotate around the drive mechanism component, the support component, orthe like. Exemplary drive mechanism components and support componentsare described herein. Although not shown, rotational component 1602optionally also includes friction reducing materials (e.g., elevated orpointed surface features, surface coatings, roller balls, etc.) toreduce friction as rotational component 1602 rotates relative to, e.g.,other rotational components. In addition, rotational component 1602 alsoincludes implements 1610 on a surface of rotational component 1602 thatis configured to rotate substantially non-perpendicular to a rotationalaxis of rotary unit 1600. Essentially any implement is optionallyadapted for use with rotary unit 1600, including the exemplaryimplements described herein. Rotary unit 1600 is typically included in arotational or rotary mechanism, a device or the like. Exemplaryrotational mechanisms that include rotary unit 1600 are describedherein. In addition, representative devices that are optionally adaptedto include rotary unit 1600 are also described herein.

In some embodiments, rotary unit 1600 also includes gear structure 1612,which includes support component 1614 and first planetary gearcomponents 1616 and second planetary gear components 1618 rotatablycoupled to support component 1614. As shown, first planetary gearcomponents 1616 are configured to operably engage or mesh with firstring gear component 1604, second planetary gear components 1618 areconfigured to operably engage or mesh with second ring gear component1606, and rotational component 1602 is configured to rotate relative tosupport component 1614, which is substantially fixedly positioned (e.g.,in an assembled rotational mechanism, device, etc.) when rotationalcomponent 1602 rotates relative to support component 1614. As alsoshown, for example, in FIGS. 16 A and B, respectively, first ring gearcomponent 1604 at least partially defines first gear structure receivingarea 1605 and second ring gear component 1606 at least partially definessecond gear structure receiving area 1607. First gear structurereceiving area 1605 and second gear structure receiving area 1607 areconfigured to receive first portion 1622 and second portion 1624,respectively, of support component 1614 of gear structure 1612. Firstportion 1622 and second portion 1624 of support component 1614 of gearstructure 1612 are described, e.g., further below.

FIG. 16G schematically shows an exploded side view of gear structure1612 according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown, threadedregion 1620 of first portion 1622 of support component 1614 inserts intoa threaded region receiving area (not within view in FIG. 16G) of secondportion 1624 of support component 1614 during assembly of gear structure1612. In addition, first planetary gear components 1616 are rotatablycoupled to second portion 1624 of support component 1614 via prongedretaining elements 1626 and second planetary gear components 1618 arerotatably coupled to first portion 1622 of support component 1614 viapronged retaining elements 1628 during assembly of gear structure 1612.As also shown, first portion 1622 and second portion 1624 of supportcomponent 1614 include friction reducing materials 1630 (shown aselevated or pointed surface features), e.g., to minimize friction whenrotational component 1602 rotates relative to support component 1614during operation of assembled rotary unit 1600. To further illustrate,FIG. 16M schematically shows an exploded view of rotary unit 1600 withfirst portion 1622 and second portion 1624 of support component 1614 ofgear structure 1612 prior to assembly with rotational component 1602.

To further illustrate, FIG. 16K schematically illustrates gear structure1612 prior to assembly with another gear structure 1612 from a side viewaccording to one embodiment of the invention. As shown, during assembly,threaded region 1632 of one support component 1614 is inserted intothreaded region receiving area 1634 of another support component 1614such that the assembled support components 1614 are substantiallyfixedly positioned relative to one another, e.g., when rotationalcomponents 1602 of rotary units 1600 rotate relative to supportcomponents 1614. Essentially any attachment technique is optionallyutilized to attach support components 1614 of gear structures 1612 toone another or first portion 1622 and second portion 1624 of supportcomponent 1614 to one another. Some exemplary techniques include, forexample, bonding, welding, adhering, or the like. In some embodiments,multiple support components 1614 are fabricated as single integral part(e.g., as a molded part or the like).

FIGS. 27 A-G schematically illustrate rotary units or components thereoffrom various views according to one exemplary embodiment of theinvention. As shown, rotary unit 4200 or rotary unit 4202 each includerotational component 4204, which includes gear component 4206 (e.g., aring gear component) and surface 4208 that includes implements 4210.Rotational component 4204 is configured to rotate around rotational axis4212. Surface 4208, which includes implements 4210 is configured torotate substantially non-perpendicular to rotational axis 4212. In someof these embodiments, surface 4208 is configured to rotate substantiallyparallel to rotational axis 4212 of rotational component 4204. Rotaryunit 4200 includes first gear component 4214 and third gear component4216. First gear component 4214 operably engages (e.g., meshes with)gear component 4206 such that when first gear component 4214 rotates ina first direction, rotational component 4204 rotates in the firstdirection. Rotary unit 4202 includes second gear component 4218 operablyengages (e.g., meshes with) gear component 4206 of rotational component4204. Second gear component 4218 operably engages (e.g., meshes with)third gear component 4216 when rotational component 4204 of rotary unit4200 is disposed proximal to (e.g., operably engages) rotationalcomponent 4204 of rotary unit 4202 such that when first gear component4214 rotates in the first direction, the rotational component 4204 ofrotary unit 4200 rotates in the first direction and second gearcomponent 4218 and rotational component 4204 of rotary unit 4202 rotatein a second direction.

Rotational component 4204 also includes alignment component 4220 andalignment component receiving area 4222. Alignment component 4220 andalignment component receiving area 4222 are configured to alignrotational component 4204 relative to other rotational components whenthe other rotational components are disposed proximal to rotationalcomponent 4202. For example, alignment component 4220 of rotationalcomponent 4204 is configured to be received by an alignment componentreceiving area of another rotational component, while alignmentcomponent receiving area 4222 of rotational component 4204 is configuredto receive an alignment component of another rotational component.

The drive mechanism components or portions thereof of the rotary unitsof the invention include various embodiments. Rotary unit 4200, forexample, includes drive mechanism component or portion thereof 4224(e.g., shown as a shaft component), which operably engages first gearcomponent 4214 and at least one other gear component (i.e., third gearcomponent 4216 in this embodiment). Drive mechanism component or portionthereof 4224 is configured to effect rotation of first gear component4214 and third gear component 4216. To further illustrate, rotary unit4202 includes drive mechanism component or portion thereof 4226 (e.g.,shown as a shaft component), which operably engages second gearcomponent 4218. Drive mechanism components or portions thereof,including drive mechanism component receiving areas are describedfurther herein.

III. Exemplary Rotary Mechanisms

In certain embodiments, the invention provides rotary or rotationalmechanisms that include two or more rotational components or rotaryunits (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or morerotational components or rotary units). Rotary mechanisms also typicallyinclude at least one counter-rotational mechanism operably coupled toone or more of the rotational components. The counter-rotationalmechanism is generally configured to effect substantially simultaneouscounter-rotation of the rotational components relative to one anotherwhen movement of at least a portion of the counter-rotational mechanismis effected. Rotary mechanisms also typically include drive mechanismsoperably coupled to the counter-rotational mechanism and/or rotationalcomponents. Drive mechanisms are typically configured to effect movementof at least the portion of the counter-rotational mechanisms such thatthe rotational components substantially simultaneously counter-rotaterelative to one another. In some embodiments, for example, multiplerotary units are included as components (e.g., rotational components andcounter-rotational mechanisms, etc.) of rotary mechanisms.

In some embodiments, rotary units are operably coupled to one anothervia one or more shafts. To illustrate one embodiment, FIG. 17Aschematically depicts rotary units 100 and drive mechanism component1702 (shown as a shaft) prior to assembly. As shown, gear component 1704is fixedly coupled to shaft 1702 and is configured to operably engagethird gear components 114 (not within view in FIGS. 17 A and B) of arotary unit 100 in assembled rotary mechanism 1700. During assembly,shaft 1702 is inserted through drive mechanism component receiving areas122 (shown as holes, e.g., in FIG. 1A) of rotary units 100 to operablycouple rotary units 100 to one another. FIG. 17B schematicallyillustrates rotary units 100 and shaft 1702 following assembly. Suitableshafts include a variety of cross-sectional shapes (e.g., circular,oval, triangular, square, rectangular, polygonal, etc.). In someembodiments, a given shaft includes multiple cross-sectional shapes. Insome of these embodiments, individual rotary units include drivemechanism component receiving areas (e.g., holes, apertures, etc.) thatcorrespond to those different cross-sectional shapes. In someembodiments, for example, one member of a pair of neighboring rotaryunits includes a square hole that fits on a square cross-section of ashaft, while the other member of the pair includes a circular hole thatfits on a circular cross-section of the shaft. In these embodiments, therotary unit with the square hole typically rotates in a substantiallyfixed position relative to the shaft, whereas the rotary unit with thecircular hole typically rotates substantially free or independentrelative to the shaft.

To further illustrate, FIGS. 18 A-C schematically show rotary mechanism1800 assembled from pairs of rotary units 700 and 800, which are bothdescribed further herein. More specifically, FIG. 18A schematicallyshows an individual pair of rotary units 700 and 800 prior to assemblyof rotary mechanism 1800 from side views. FIG. 18B schematically showspartially assembled rotary mechanism 1800 with the rotary units of FIG.18A from side views. FIG. 18C schematically illustrates rotary mechanism1800 that includes multiple pairs of rotary units 700 and 800.

In some embodiments, rotary units are operably coupled to one anothervia one or more shafts. To illustrate one embodiment, FIG. 19Aschematically depicts rotary units 900, drive mechanism component 1902(shown as a shaft), and cap component 1903 prior to assembly. As shown,gear component 1904 is fixedly coupled to shaft 1902 and is configuredto operably engage or mesh with gear components 914 of a rotary unit 900in assembled rotary mechanism 1900. During assembly, shaft 1902 isinserted through drive mechanism component receiving areas 925 (shown asa hole, e.g., in FIG. 9A) of rotary units 900 to operably couple rotaryunits 900 to one another. Shaft 1902 operably connects with capcomponent 1903 in assembled rotary mechanism 1900, e.g., to hold rotaryunits 900 in position relative to one another. FIG. 19B schematicallyillustrates rotary units 900, shaft 1902, and cap component 1903following assembly of rotary mechanism 1900. The directional arrows inFIG. 19B schematically depict that neighboring pairs of rotary units 900in rotary mechanism 1900 are configured to counter-rotate relative toone another. FIG. 19C schematically shows a portion of a rotarymechanism that includes rotary units 900 with implements 918.

FIGS. 20A-O schematically show a rotary mechanism or components thereofaccording to exemplary embodiments of the invention. As shown, rotarymechanism 2000 includes four rotary units that each include rotationalcomponent 1302 and gear component 1304. Rotary mechanism 2000 alsoincludes a drive mechanism that includes shafts 2002 and motors 2004.Motors 2004 are configured to effect rotation of shafts 2002. As shown,the drive mechanism is configured to effect rotation of gear components1304 such that rotational components 1302 of neighboring or adjacentpairs of rotary units rotate in opposite directions. See, e.g., thedirectional arrows in FIG. 20H, which schematically depict thecounter-rotation of neighboring pairs of rotational components 1302. Asshown, one shaft 2002 is operably connected to a first set of twonon-neighboring gear components 1304, while the other shaft 2002 isoperably connected to a second set of two non-neighboring gearcomponents 1304 that is different from the first set of twonon-neighboring of gear components 1304. The two shafts 2002 areconfigured to rotate in opposite directions. See, e.g., the directionalarrows associated with shafts 2002 in FIGS. 20 H and I. As also shown,surfaces 1305 of rotational components 1302 are configured to rotatesubstantially non-perpendicular to a rotational axis of rotationalcomponents 1302.

Any suitable drive mechanism is optionally utilized with these rotarymechanisms. For example, FIG. 20L schematically depicts a portion of adrive mechanism from a side view. As shown, the drive mechanism includesmotor 2004 (depicted as a dual shaft motor) that is configured to effectrotation of shafts 2002 in opposite directions via meshing pairs of gearcomponents 2006. To further illustrate, FIGS. 20M-O schematically depictportions of a drive mechanism. As shown, motor 2004 is configured toeffect rotation of shafts 2002 in opposite directions via a gear trainthat includes gear components 2008.

In addition, rotary mechanism 2000 also includes positioning component2010 (shown as a frame structure) that is configured to position rotaryunits relative to one another. As shown, shafts 2002 are positionedrelative to positioning component 2010 via mount brackets 2012, whichpermit rotation of shafts 2002. As also shown, positioning component2010 also includes a plurality of friction reducing materials 2014(shown as roller balls) disposed on a surface of positioning component2010 to reduce friction as rotational components 1302 rotates relativeto positioning component 2010. In the embodiments in which frictionreducing materials are utilized, essentially any friction reducingmaterial is optionally adapted for use with the rotary mechanisms of theinvention. Other exemplary embodiments include, for example, coatings(e.g., TEFLON®, etc.), lubricants, surface features, and/or the like.FIG. 20G schematically depicts positioning component 2016 according toanother exemplary embodiment.

FIGS. 21A-E schematically show rotary mechanisms or components thereofaccording to exemplary embodiments of the invention. As shown, rotarymechanism 2100 includes drive mechanism component 2102, which includesring gear component 2104 and a gear structure. The gear structureincludes support component 2106 and planetary gear components 2108rotatably coupled to support component 2106. Planetary gear components2108 are configured to operably engage ring gear component 2104 of drivemechanism component 2102 and gear component 1410 of rotary unit 1400.Drive mechanism component 2102 also includes motor 2110, which isconfigured to effect rotation of ring gear component 2104 via shaft2112. Shaft 2112 is fixedly connected to ring gear component 2104. Whenring gear component 2104 rotates, it effects the counter-rotation ofneighboring pairs of rotary units 1400 relative to one another. See,e.g., the directional arrows associated with FIGS. 21 B and C, whichschematically depict the counter-rotation of neighboring pairs of rotaryunits 1400. As also shown, in assembled rotary mechanism 2100, supportcomponent 2106 is operably connected to support components 1417 ofrotary units 1400 such that support component 2106 and supportcomponents 1417 are substantially fixedly positioned relative to oneanother when ring gear component 2104 effects the counter-rotation ofneighboring pairs of rotary units 1400 relative to one another. Gearstructures that include support components 1417 are described furtherherein. To further illustrate, FIG. 21D schematically depicts rotarymechanism 2114, which includes rotary units 1400 with implements 1418.In addition, FIG. 21E schematically illustrates rotary mechanism 2116,which includes rotary units 1400 with implements 1418 and dual shaftmotor 2118.

The gear structures of the invention include various embodiments. Toillustrate, FIG. 22A schematically illustrates gear structure 1415 priorto assembly with another gear structure 1415 from a side view accordingto one embodiment of the invention. As shown, gear structure 1415includes support component 1417 and gear components 1414 (e.g.,planetary gear components or the like), which are rotatably coupled tosupport component 1417. Gear components 1414 are configured to operablyengage or mesh with one or more other gear components when gearcomponents 1414 are disposed proximal to the other gear components.During assembly, threaded region 1429 of one support component 1417 isinserted into threaded region receiving area 1427 of another supportcomponent 1417 such that the assembled support components 1417 aresubstantially fixedly positioned relative to one another when rotationalcomponents 1402 of rotary units 1400 rotate relative to supportcomponents 1417 and to one another. Essentially any attachment techniqueis optionally utilized to attach support components 1417 to one another.Some exemplary techniques include, for example, bonding, welding,adhering, or the like. In some embodiments, multiple support components1417 are fabricated as single integral part (e.g., as a molded part orthe like). FIG. 22B schematically shows an assembly of four gearstructure 1415 from a side view. FIG. 22C schematically depicts the gearstructure assembly of FIG. 22B from a rear side view, while FIG. 22Dschematically depicts the gear structure assembly of FIG. 22B from afront side view.

To further illustrate, FIG. 22E schematically shows rotary mechanism2200 that includes the gear structure assembly of FIG. 22B from asectional view according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown,rotary mechanism 2200 includes four rotary units 1400. Counter-rotationof neighboring rotational components 1402 in rotary mechanism 2200 iseffected by drive mechanism component 2202, which includes shaftcomponent 2206 and gear component 2204. FIG. 22F schematically showsrotary mechanism 2200 from a side view. Rotational components 1402 ofrotary units 1400 of rotation mechanism 2200 are configured to rotaterelative to support components 1417, which support components 1417 aresubstantially fixedly positioned when rotational components 1402 rotatesrelative to support components 1417. Gear components 1414 are configuredto rotate relative to rotational components 1402.

FIGS. 23A-T schematically depict a rotational mechanism or componentsthereof according to one embodiment of the invention. To illustrate,FIGS. 23A and C, for example, schematically depicts a portion ofrotational or rotary mechanism 2300 from an exploded side and explodedside sectional views, respectively. During assembly of rotationalmechanism 2300, support component 1614 of one rotary unit 1600 isinserted through hole 1508 of rotary unit 1500 and threaded region 1632of that support component 1614 is received and retained in threadedregion receiving area of another rotary unit 1600.

FIGS. 23E-P schematically show a portion of a drive mechanism componentthat is utilized to effect counter-rotation of neighboring pairs ofrotary unit 1500 and rotary unit 1600 of rotational mechanism 2300. Asshown, the portion of the drive mechanism component includes rotationalcomponent 2302, which includes ring gear component 2304, hole 2306, andimplements 2308. The portion of the drive mechanism component alsoincludes gear structure 2310, which includes support structure 2312 andplanetary gear components 2314 rotatably coupled to support structure2312. Support structure 2312 also includes friction reducing materials2316 (shown as elevated or pointed surface features) to, e.g., reducefriction between support structure 2312 and rotational component 2302when rotational component 2302 rotates relative to support structure2312. Support structure 2312 also includes threaded region 2318, whichis received by a corresponding threaded region receiving area offastener 2320 (e.g., a nut or the like) through hole 2306 to hold gearstructure 2310 in position relative to rotational component 2302, yetpermit rotational component 2302 to rotate relative to support structure2312 and planetary gear components 2314. In addition, support structure2312 also includes threaded region receiving area 2322, which isconfigured to receiving thread region 1632 of a rotary unit 1600, e.g.,in assembled rotational mechanism 2300.

As also shown, a shaft 2324 is also fixedly connected to rotationalcomponent 2302. Although not shown, a motor or the like is typicallyoperably connected to shaft 2324, which effects the rotation of shaft2324 and the counter-rotation of neighboring pairs of rotary unit 1500and rotary unit 1600 of rotational mechanism 2300 (e.g., asschematically depicted by the directional arrows shown, e.g., in FIG.23S) during operation. In addition, a rotary unit 1600 also operablyconnects to support component 2326 via threaded region receiving area1634 of support structure 1614, e.g., such that support structures 1614of rotary units 1600 and support structure 2312 of gear structure 2310are substantially fixedly positioned when rotary units 1500, rotaryunits 1600, and rotational component 2302 rotate relative to one anotherin rotational mechanism 2300. Essentially any support component isoptionally used. In some embodiments, support components are included inor as part of devices, apparatus, or other applications of therotational mechanisms of the invention. Exemplary support components andapplications are described herein.

FIGS. 28 A-I schematically illustrate a rotary mechanism or componentsthereof from various views according to one exemplary embodiment of theinvention. As shown, rotary mechanism 4300 includes rotationalcomponents 4204, which include gear components 4206 (e.g., ring gearcomponents). Rotary mechanism 4300 also includes counter-rotationalmechanism 4313 that includes first gear components 4214 that operablyengage (e.g., mesh with) a ring gear component 4206 of a firstrotational component 4204 of a neighboring pair of rotationalcomponents. Counter-rotational mechanism 4313 also includes second gearcomponents 4218 that operably engage (e.g., mesh with) a ring gearcomponent 4206 of a second rotational component 4204 of a neighboringpair of rotational components. Counter-rotational mechanism 4313 alsoincludes third gear components 4216 that operably engage (e.g., meshwith) second gear components 4218 such that when first gear components4214 rotate in a first direction, first rotational components 4204 ofneighboring pairs of rotational components rotate in the first directionand second gear components 4218 and second rotational components 4204 ofneighboring pairs of rotational components rotate in a second direction(e.g., substantially opposite the first direction).

Rotational components 4204 include alignment components 4220 andalignment component receiving areas 4222 that are configured to alignrotational components 4204 relative to one another, e.g., whenrotational components 4204 rotate. As shown, an alignment componentreceiving area 4222 of a given rotational component 4204 is configuredto receive at least a portion of an alignment component 4220 of anotherrotational component 4204. In this exemplary embodiment, alignmentcomponents 4220 are shown as circular ridge structures. Other alignmentcomponents or mechanisms are also optionally used to align rotationalcomponents relative to one another in the rotary mechanisms of theinvention. In some embodiments, friction reducing materials are disposedbetween neighboring pairs of rotational components in a rotary mechanismto reduce friction between the rotational components when the rotationalcomponents rotate relative to one another. In some embodiments, forexample, one or more lubricants are disposed between at least oneneighboring pair of rotational components 4204 before and/or after thealignment component 4220 of one rotational component 4204 is insertedinto the alignment component receiving area 4222 of another rotationalcomponent 4204. Other exemplary friction reducing materials that areoptionally used or adapted for use with the rotary mechanisms of theinvention are described herein or otherwise known to those of skill inthe art.

Rotary mechanism 4300 also includes drive mechanism components orportions thereof 4224 and 4226 (e.g., shown as shaft components in thisexemplary embodiment). As shown, shaft component 4224 operably engagesfirst gear components 4214 and third gear components 4216, while shaftcomponent 4226 operably engages second gear components 4218. As alsoshown, rotary mechanism 4300 also includes drive mechanism components orportions thereof 4302 (e.g., shown as motor in this exemplaryembodiment) operably connected to shaft component 4224. Motor 4302 isconfigured to effect rotation of shaft component 4224 and thereby firstgear components 4214 and third gear components 4216 as well as shaftcomponent 4226 and second gear components 4218 such that when first gearcomponents 4214 rotate in a first direction, first rotational components4204 of neighboring pairs of rotational components rotate in the firstdirection and second gear components 4218 and second rotationalcomponents 4204 of neighboring pairs of rotational components rotate ina second direction (e.g., substantially opposite the first direction).Rotary mechanism 4300 is typically operably incorporated into, orotherwise operably associated with, a device, vehicle, or the like.Exemplary devices, vehicles, or other applications that are optionallyused or adapted for use with rotary mechanism 4300 or the like are,e.g., described further herein.

The rotary mechanisms of the invention or components thereof arefabricated or assembled using various techniques. In some embodiments,rotary mechanisms are assembled using rotational components that includemultiple portions. As shown in FIGS. 29 A-C, for example, a rotarymechanism is optionally assembled using rotational components 4400,which each include rotational component portion 4402 and rotationalcomponent portion 4404. Rotational component portions 4402 androtational component portions 4404 include portions of the ring gearcomponents, alignment components, and alignment component receivingareas described herein, e.g., with respect to rotational components4204. Rotational component portions 4402 also include alignment features4406 and rotational component portions 4404 also include correspondingalignment feature receiving areas (not within view) that are configuredto receive alignment features 4406. As shown, during assembly,rotational component portions 4402 and rotational component portions4404 are joined (e.g., adhered, bonded, welded, etc.) with one anotherand positioned in operable engagement with first gear components 4214and second gear components 4218 to form rotary mechanisms.

In certain embodiments, rotary mechanisms are assembled using shaftcomponents that include multiple portions. FIGS. 30 A and B, 31 A and B,32 A and B, and 33 show aspects of one of these exemplary embodiments.As shown, shaft component portion 4500 includes drive mechanismcomponent receiving area 4700 and shaft component portion 4502 includesnotched portion 4702 that is configured to be received by drivemechanism component receiving area 4700 of shaft component portion 4500.Shaft component portion 4500 and shaft component portion 4502 are eachoperably connected to a first gear component 4214 and a third gearcomponent 4216. In addition, shaft component portion 4504 includes drivemechanism component receiving area 4700 and shaft component portion 4506includes notched portion 4702 that is configured to be received by drivemechanism component receiving area 4700 of shaft component portion 4504.Shaft component portion 4504 and shaft component portion 4506 are eachoperably connected to a second gear component 4218. As shown, forexample, in FIG. 33 rotational components 4204 are positioned relativeto first gear components 4214 operably connected to shaft componentportion 4500 or shaft component portion 4502 or second gear components4218 operably connected to shaft component portion 4504 or shaftcomponent portion 4506 and corresponding drive mechanism componentreceiving areas 4700 and notched portions 4702 are joined togetherduring the assembly of a rotary mechanism in this exemplary embodiment.In some embodiments, multiple shaft portions and multiple rotationalcomponent portions are used together in the assembly of rotarymechanisms. Other exemplary rotary mechanism or component fabricationand assembly techniques are described herein.

As also shown, rotational components 4204 of rotary mechanism 4300 alsoinclude implements 4210. Other exemplary implements that are optionallyused or adapted for use with rotational components 4204 are describedfurther herein. In some embodiments, for example, implements arerotatably coupled to rotation components. In some of these embodiments,implements are configured to operably engage one or more gear componentsof one or more other rotational components. Rotatably coupled implementsare described further herein, for example, with respect to FIGS. 6A-G,24A-D, 25 A and B, and 26.

FIGS. 35 A-F schematically show a rotary mechanism or components thereoffrom various views according to one exemplary embodiment of theinvention. As shown, rotary mechanism 5100 includes rotary units thatinclude rotational components 4204. Rotational components 4204 includegear components 4206 (e.g., ring gear components). Additional detailsabout rotational components (e.g., rotational components 4204) aredescribed further herein. The rotary units also include second gearcomponents 4218, which are configured to operably engage gear components4206 of rotational components 4204. Rotary mechanism 5100 also includesa drive mechanism component or portion thereof that operably engagessecond gear components 4218. The drive mechanism component or portionthereof is configured to effect rotation of second gear components 4218such that rotational component 4204 of one rotary unit of a neighboringpair of rotary units rotates in a first direction and rotationalcomponent 4204 of the other rotary unit of the neighboring pair ofrotary units rotates in a second direction. As shown, the drivemechanism component or portion thereof includes shaft component 5102 andshaft component 5104. Shaft component 5102 operably engages second gearcomponents 4218 of one rotary unit of each neighboring pair of rotaryunits, while shaft component 5104 operably engages second gearcomponents 4218 of the other rotary unit of each neighboring pair ofrotary units. Shaft component 5102 and shaft component 5104 are alsooperably connected to drive gear components 5106 and 5108, respectively.In assembled rotary mechanism 5100, drive gear components 5106 and 5108mesh with one another. As shown, shaft component 5102 is also operablyconnected to motor 5110. Motor 5110 is configured to effect rotation ofshaft component 5102 and thereby second gear components 4218 andcorresponding rotational components 4204 of one rotary unit of eachneighboring pair of rotary units in a first direction and second gearcomponents 4218 and corresponding rotational components 4204 of theother rotary unit of each neighboring pair of rotary units via drivegear components 5106 and 5108 and shaft component 5104 in a seconddirection. In some embodiments, rotary mechanisms also include drivemechanism positioning components that are configured to position drivemechanism components or portions thereof relative to one another. Toillustrate, rotary mechanism 5100 includes drive mechanism positioningcomponent 5112, which includes holes 5114. Shaft component 5102 andshaft component 5104 are configured to fit and rotate within holes 5114such that shaft component 5102 and shaft component 5104 are positionedrelative to one another at least during rotation. Rotary mechanism 5100is typically operably incorporated into, or otherwise operablyassociated with, a device, vehicle, or the like. Exemplary devices,vehicles, or other applications that are optionally used or adapted foruse with rotary mechanism 5100 or the like are, e.g., described furtherherein.

IV. Exemplary Applications

FIGS. 24 A-D schematically illustrate an exemplary tooth brushing deviceor components thereof according to one embodiment of the invention. Asshown, tooth brushing device 2700 includes rotary mechanism 2702, whichincludes a plurality of rotary units 600, as described above. Toothbrushing device 2700 also includes toothbrush head component or portion2704 and handle component or portion 2706. Toothbrush head component2704 includes rotary mechanism housing 2708, which partially exposes aportion of the bristles of rotary mechanism 2702 through an opening inrotary mechanism housing 2708 during operation. Toothbrush head gearcomponents 2710 and drive shaft 2712 also extend into a portion ofrotary mechanism housing 2708. Drive shaft 2712 is received throughdrive mechanism receiving areas of rotational components 602 of rotaryunits 600 of rotary mechanism 2702. Toothbrush head gear components 2710operably engage gear components 604 and 624 of a rotary unit 600 toeffect counter rotation of neighboring rotational components 602 andimplements 622 of rotary mechanism 2702. Rotary mechanism cap 2714attaches to drive shaft 2712 to retain rotary mechanism positionedrelative to toothbrush head gear components 2710. Handle component 2706houses a motor (not within view) that operably connects to toothbrushhead gear components 2710 and drive shaft 2712. A power source, such asa rechargeable battery (e.g., induction chargeable, etc.) or the like isalso housed in handle component 2706 is some embodiments. In certainembodiments, the motor is optionally connected to other types of powersources, such as photovoltaic cells attached to handle component 2706,external power sources, or the like. As also shown, handle component2706 also includes switch 2716, which is used, e.g., to turn toothbrushing device 2700 on and off, regulate speeds or modes (e.g.,oscillation modes, select direction, etc.) of rotary unit rotation, orthe like.

FIGS. 25 A and B schematically show an exemplary rotary mechanism ortoothbrush head component that is optionally used, e.g., with handlecomponent 2706 of tooth brushing device 2700. As shown, rotary mechanism2800 includes a plurality of rotary units 600 in which implements 2802(raised elastomeric regions, e.g., for tooth polishing) have beensubstituted for implements 622 on several individual rotary units. FIG.25B schematically shows toothbrush head component 2804, which includesrotary mechanism 2800.

FIG. 26 schematically illustrates an exemplary cleaning device from aside view according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown,cleaning device 2900 includes a rotary mechanism that includes rotaryunits similar to rotary units 600, which are described further herein.Exemplary uses of cleaning device 2900 include cleaning outdoor cookinggrills, dishes, and toilets, among many possible applications.

FIGS. 34 A-C schematically depict a tooth brushing device or componentsthereof from various views according to one exemplary embodiment of theinvention. As shown, tooth brushing device 4900 includes rotarymechanism 4300, as described herein. Tooth brushing device 4900 alsoincludes toothbrush head component or portion 4902 and handle componentor portion 4904. Toothbrush head component 4902 includes rotarymechanism housing 4906, which partially exposes a portion of theimplements of rotary mechanism 4300 through an opening in rotarymechanism housing 4906. Rotary mechanism 4300 is operably connected tomotor 4302 via shaft component 4908. Motor 4302 is housed in handlecomponent 4904. A power source, such as a rechargeable battery (e.g.,induction chargeable, etc.) or the like is also housed in handlecomponent 4904 in some embodiments. As shown, for example, batterycomponent 4910 is operably connected to motor 4302 in handle component4904. In certain embodiments, the motor is optionally connected to othertypes of power sources, such as photovoltaic cells attached to headcomponent 4902 and/or handle component 4904, external power sources, orthe like. As also shown, handle component 4904 also includes switch4912, which is used, e.g., to turn tooth brushing device 4900 on andoff, regulate speeds or modes (e.g., oscillation modes, selectdirection, etc.) of rotary unit rotation, or the like. Additionaldetails regarding tooth brushing devices or components thereof aredescribed herein.

FIGS. 36 A and B schematically show a tooth brushing device orcomponents thereof from various views according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention. As shown, tooth brushing device 5200includes rotary mechanism 5100, as described herein. Tooth brushingdevice 5200 also includes toothbrush head component or portion 5202 andhandle component or portion 5204. Toothbrush head component 5202includes rotary mechanism housing 5206, which partially exposes aportion of the implements of rotary mechanism 5100 through an opening inrotary mechanism housing 5206 during operation. Rotary mechanism 5100 isoperably connected to motor 5110 via shaft component 5102. Motor 5110 ishoused in handle component 5204. A power source, such as a rechargeablebattery (e.g., induction chargeable, etc.) or the like is also housed inhandle component 5204 in some embodiments. As shown, for example,battery component 5208 is operably connected to motor 5110 in handlecomponent 5204. In certain embodiments, the motor is optionallyconnected to other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic cellsattached, e.g., to head component 5202 and/or handle component 5204,external power sources, or the like. As also shown, handle component5204 also includes switch 5210, which is used, e.g., to turn toothbrushing device 5200 on and off, regulate speeds or modes (e.g.,oscillation modes, select direction, etc.) of rotary unit rotation, orthe like. Additional details regarding tooth brushing devices orcomponents thereof are described herein.

FIGS. 37 A-D schematically illustrate an exemplary tooth brushing deviceor components thereof according to one embodiment of the invention. Asshown, tooth brushing device 3700 includes rotary mechanism 3702, whichincludes a unitary rotary unit or rotational component that isconfigured to rotate at least partially around rotational axis 3703.Tooth brushing device 3700 also includes toothbrush head component orportion 3704 and handle component or portion 3706. In some embodiments,toothbrush head component 3704 and handle component 3706 are fabricatedintegral with one another. In other exemplary embodiments, toothbrushhead component 3704 and handle component 3706 are detachable from oneanother, e.g., toothbrush head component 3704 can be purchased as areplacement part for use with handle component 3706. Other handhelddevices described herein are also optionally similarly configured.Toothbrush head component 3704 includes rotary mechanism housing 3708,which partially exposes a portion of the bristles or implements ofrotary mechanism 3702 through an opening in rotary mechanism housing3708 during operation. As shown, the surface of rotary mechanism 3702that includes the bristles is configured to rotate substantiallynon-perpendicular to rotational axis 3703. Toothbrush head gearcomponent 3710 and drive shaft 3712 also extend into a portion of rotarymechanism housing 3708. Drive shaft 3712 is received through drivemechanism receiving areas of rotary mechanism 3702. Toothbrush head gearcomponent 3710 operably engages gear components of rotary mechanism 3702to effect rotation of rotary mechanism 3702. Rotary mechanism cap 3714attaches to drive shaft 3712 to retain rotary mechanism positionedrelative to toothbrush head gear component 3710. Handle component 3706houses a motor (not within view) that operably connects to toothbrushhead gear component 3710 and drive shaft 3712. A power source, such as arechargeable battery (e.g., induction chargeable, etc.) or the like isalso housed in handle component 3706 in some embodiments. In certainembodiments, the motor is optionally connected to other types of powersources, such as photovoltaic cells attached to head component 3704and/or handle component 3706, external power sources, or the like. Asalso shown, handle component 3706 also includes switch 3716, which isused, e.g., to turn tooth brushing device 3700 on and off, regulatespeeds, modes, and/or direction of rotary unit rotation, or the like. Insome embodiments, for example, a user uses switch 3716 to change thedirection of rotary mechanism 3702 rotation away from the user's gumsaccording to the teeth being brushed at a given point in time. In someembodiments, only a single or unitary rotational component selectivelyrotates in one or two directions or oscillates to effect cleaning. Itcan be programmed such that bristles, rubber implements, etc. alwaysrotate toward the non-gum edge (i.e., away from the gum line) of a setof teeth (e.g., to push the gums toward that edge, rather than away fromthe edge) in some embodiments. For example, tooth brushing device 3700is optionally programmed such that rotation adjusts manually orautomatically depending on how the toothbrush rotational component isoriented relative to the teeth (e.g., top or bottom teeth, inside oroutside of teeth).

To further illustrate, FIGS. 38 A and B schematically illustrate anotherexemplary embodiment of a rotational or rotary mechanism that isoptionally adapted for use with the handheld devices of the invention.As shown, rotational mechanism 3800, which includes fixed gearcomponents 3808 and rotational components 3804, which are configured torotate relative to fixed gear components 3808. Optionally, components3804 are fixed and gear components 3808 are configured to rotate.Rotational components 3804 include rotational implements 3802 and fixedgear components 3808 include gears 3806, which mesh with rotationalimplements 3802. As rotational components 3804 rotate relative to fixedgear components 3808, rotational implements 3802 also rotate. Exemplaryrotational implements are also described herein, e.g., with respect toFIGS. 6A-G, 24A-D, 25 A and B, and 26. In some embodiments, one memberof a pair of rotational components is fixed (e.g., does not rotate),while the other rotates. In certain embodiments, the rotatableimplements can be disposed on either or both members of a givenneighboring pair of rotational components. Rotatable implements are alsooptionally used with oscillating embodiments, e.g., as described herein.

FIGS. 39 A and B, 40 A and B, 41 A and B, 42A-E, and 43A-C schematicallyillustrate various representative implements 3900-3920 that areoptionally used (e.g., alone or in essentially any combination) in,e.g., the counter-rotating rotary mechanisms, oscillatingcounter-rotating rotary mechanisms, unitary or single direction rotarymechanisms, rotational implement mechanisms embodiments of the devicesof the invention. The implements can be fabricated from many differentmaterials. In some embodiments, for example, implements are made fromelastomeric, rubber, and/or plastic materials (e.g., rubber typicallyused in dental cleaning devices). More specifically, FIGS. 39 A and Bschematically depict implements 3900 organized in rows and columns ofpegs from top and side views, respectively. FIGS. 40 A and Bschematically depict implements 3902 organized in rows and columns ofpegs with pyramid-shaped tips from top and side views, respectively.FIGS. 41 A and B schematically depict implements 3904 organized in rowsand columns of pegs with or without pyramid-shaped tips from top andside views, respectively. FIG. 42A schematically illustrates acombination of pyramid-shaped implements 3906 and linear ridge-shapedimplements 3908 from a top view. FIG. 42B schematically illustratescurved ridge-shaped implements 3918 from a top view. FIG. 42Cschematically illustrates angled ridge-shaped implements 3920 from a topview. FIG. 42D schematically shows diagonally disposed peg-shapedimplements 3922 from a top view. FIG. 42E schematically depicts angledridge-shaped implements 3924 from a top view. FIG. 43A schematicallyillustrates implements 3910 that include spherical portions from a sideview. The spherical portions of these implements contact and clean theuser's teeth during use in certain embodiments. FIGS. 43 B and Cschematically depict semi-oval implements 3912, 3914, and 3916 from sideviews. In some embodiments, rotary mechanisms include only bristles, nobristles, or combinations of bristles with other types of implements.

FIG. 44 schematically shows a head portion of a tooth brushing devicefrom partially transparent top view according to one embodiment of theinvention. As shown, head portion 4451 includes rotational components4455 that include gear components that mesh with one another. Rotationalcomponents 4455 also have surfaces that are configured to rotatesubstantially perpendicular to rotational axes of rotational components4455. These surfaces include implements 4453. One rotational component4455 also meshes with gear component 4457. Gear component 4457 isoperably connected to shaft component 4459, which is typically operablyconnected to a motor or the like (e.g., disposed in a handle portion ofthe tooth brushing device (not within view)) that is configured toeffect rotation of shaft component 4459 and gear component 4457 (e.g.,in one or both directions, in an oscillating mode, etc.). As gearcomponent 4457 rotates, it effects the counter-rotation of rotationalcomponents 4455.

FIGS. 45A-J schematically illustrate handheld devices (e.g., toothbrushing devices) or components thereof from various views according tocertain embodiments of the invention. As shown, handheld device 4550includes head portion 4552, drive mechanism component 4554, and handleportion 4556. In the embodiment shown, head portion 4552 and handleportion 4556 are fabricated integral with one another (i.e.,non-detachable from one another). In other embodiments, head and handleportions (and drive mechanism components or portions thereof) aredetachable from one another. Head portion 4552 includes rotary mechanism4558, which includes three rotational components 4560 in this exemplaryembodiment. Rotational components 4560 are configured to rotate at leastpartially around rotational axis 4562, 4564, or 4566. Rotationalcomponents 4560 include gear components 4568 that are configured to meshwith one or more gear components of neighboring rotational componentsand/or drive mechanism components. In the embodiment shown, eachrotational component 4560 includes implements 4570 disposed on a surfacethat is configured to rotate substantially perpendicular to a rotationalaxis (e.g., rotational axis 4562, 4564, or 4566) of the rotationalcomponent 4560. In some embodiments, rotational components 4560 areselectively interchangeable with other rotational components (e.g.,having the same or different implement configurations).

Drive mechanism component 4554 includes a chain of meshed gearcomponents 4572 that mesh with gear component 4568 of one rotationalcomponent 4560 and extend from head portion 4552 to handle portion 4556.As shown, one gear component 4572 includes gear 4574 that meshes withgear 4576. Gear 4576 is operably connected to motor component 4578 viashaft component 4580. Motor component 4578 is also operably connected toswitch component 4582 (e.g., an on/off switch, etc.) and power sourcecomponent 4584 (e.g., a rechargeable battery, etc.). During operation,motor component 4578 effects rotation of shaft component 4580, gears4574 and 4576, and gear components 4572 such that neighboring pairs ofrotational components 4560 rotate at least partially around rotationalaxis 4562, 4564, or 4566 in directions (see, directional arrows shown,for example, in FIG. 45E) that are substantially opposite one another.Rotary mechanism 4558 and drive mechanism component 4554 are at leastpartially disposed within a housing. Rotational components 4560 and gearcomponents 4572 include alignment components 4586 (shown as pegs in thisembodiment) that align rotational components 4560 and gear components4572 relative to the housing (e.g., via corresponding seatings (notwithin view)).

Other drive mechanism components are also optionally used withrotational components 4560. As shown in FIG. 45G, for example, drivemechanism component 4555 includes shaft component 4588 instead of chainof meshed gear components 4572. As shown, one rotational component 4560includes gear 4574 that meshes with gear 4576. Gear 4576 is operablyconnected to motor component 4578 via shaft component 4588. Motorcomponent 4578 is also operably connected to power source component 4584(e.g., a rechargeable battery, etc.). During operation, motor component4578 effects rotation of shaft component 4588, gears 4574 and 4576, andgear components 4568 such that neighboring pairs of rotationalcomponents 4560 rotate at least partially around rotational axis 4562,4564, or 4566 in directions that are substantially opposite one another.

FIGS. 46 A and B schematically show a tooth brushing device orcomponents thereof from various views according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention. As shown, tooth brushing device 5250includes rotary mechanism 5100, as described herein. Tooth brushingdevice 5250 also includes toothbrush head component or portion 5252 andhandle component or portion 5254. Toothbrush head component 5252includes rotary mechanism housing 5256, which partially exposes aportion of the implements of rotary mechanism 5100 through an opening inrotary mechanism housing 5256. Rotary mechanism 5100 is operablyconnected to motor 5110 via shaft component 5102. Motor 5110 is housedin handle component 5254. A power source, such as a rechargeable battery(e.g., induction chargeable, etc.) or the like is also housed in handlecomponent 5254 in some embodiments. As shown, for example, batterycomponent 5258 is operably connected to motor 5110 in handle component5254. In certain embodiments, the motor is optionally connected to othertypes of power sources, such as photovoltaic cells attached, e.g., tohead component 5252 and/or handle component 5254, external powersources, or the like. As also shown, handle component 5254 also includeswitch 5211, which is used, e.g., to turn tooth brushing device 5250 onand off, regulate speeds or modes of rotary unit rotation, or the like.In the illustrated embodiment, the exposed implements of rotarymechanism 5100 are configured to oscillate back and forth (see,directional arrows in FIGS. 46 A and B) in the opening in rotarymechanism housing 5256. Additional details regarding tooth brushingdevices or components thereof are described herein.

FIGS. 47 A and B schematically depict a tooth brushing device orcomponents thereof from various views according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention. As shown, tooth brushing device 4750includes rotary mechanism 4300, as described herein. The tooth brushingdevices and other handheld devices of the invention are optionallyadapted to include any of the rotary units or mechanisms describedherein. Tooth brushing device 4750 also includes toothbrush headcomponent or portion 4752 and handle component or portion 4754 that aredetachable from one another. Toothbrush head component 4752 includesrotary mechanism housing 4756, which partially exposes a portion of theimplements of rotary mechanism 4300 through an opening in rotarymechanism housing 4756. Rotary mechanism 4300 is operably connected orconnectable to motor 4302 via rotary mechanism shaft component 4758 andmotor shaft component 4760, which are reversibly operably connected toone another via drive mechanism component receiving area 4762.Toothbrush head portion 4752 is reversibly attached to handle portion4754 via reversible attachment components 4764. Essentially anyreversible attachment components are optionally utilized. Motor 4302 ishoused in handle component 4754. A power source, such as a rechargeablebattery or the like is also housed in handle component 4754 in someembodiments. As shown, for example, battery component 4910 is operablyconnected to motor 4302 in handle component 4754. In certainembodiments, the motor is optionally connected to other types of powersources, such as photovoltaic cells attached to head component 4752and/or handle component 4754, external power sources, or the like.Additional details regarding tooth brushing devices or componentsthereof are described herein.

FIGS. 48A-F schematically illustrate a tooth brushing device orcomponents thereof from various views according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention. As shown, tooth brushing device 4850includes tooth brushing component 4852 and material container 4854(shown as a material source or destination), which are detachable fromone another. Tooth brushing component 4852 includes rotary mechanism4300 and the drive mechanism components described, e.g., with respect totooth brushing device 4900. Tooth brushing component receiving area 4853of material container 4854 is configured to receive a portion of toothbrushing component 4852. In addition, tooth brushing component 4852 alsoincludes openings 4856 that communicate with conduit 4858 and a materialreservoir of material container 4854. Openings are optionally disposedessentially anywhere on the head portion of tooth brushing device 4850and can be of essentially any number (e.g., one, two, three (as shown),four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, or more) or configuration.Conduit 4858 is typically fabricated at least partially internal to ahousing of tooth brushing component 4852. In addition, conduit 4858 isconfigured to communicate with material container conduit 4860 viajunction 4862. Tooth brushing device 4850 also includes conveyancemechanism 4864 (e.g., a pump or the like), which is configured to conveymaterial (e.g., fluidic material, semi-fluidic material, etc.) to and/orfrom a material reservoir of material container 4854 through openings4856. As also shown, tooth brushing device 4850 includes switch 4866,which is operably connected to a drive mechanism component andconveyance mechanism 4864 of tooth brushing component 4852. Switch 4866is used, e.g., to turn the drive mechanism component and/or conveyancemechanism 4864 of tooth brushing component 4852 on and off, regulatespeeds or modes of rotary unit rotation and/or conveyance mechanismconveyance, or the like.

FIG. 49 schematically depicts portions of a tooth brushing device from apartially transparent side view according to one exemplary embodiment ofthe invention. As shown, tooth brushing device 4950 is configuredsimilar to tooth brushing component 4852. Instead of communicating withmaterial container 4854, conduit 4858 of tooth brushing device 4950communicates with conduit 4952 via junction 4954. Conduit 4952 isconfigured to communicate with a material source or destination (notshown), such as an external fluid or material station, a faucet, or thelike.

FIGS. 50 A and B schematically illustrate a tooth brushing device orcomponents thereof from various views according to one exemplaryembodiment of the invention. As shown, tooth brushing device 5050includes tooth brushing component 5052 and material container 5054(shown as a material source or destination with two materialreservoirs), which are detachable from one another. Tooth brushingcomponent 5052 includes rotary mechanism 4300 (not within view) and thedrive mechanism components described, e.g., with respect to toothbrushing device 4900. Tooth brushing component receiving area 5053 ofmaterial container 5054 is configured to receive a portion of toothbrushing component 5052. In addition, tooth brushing component 5052 alsoincludes openings 5056 and 5057 that communicate with conduit 5058 and5059, respectively, and material reservoirs of material container 5054.Openings are optionally disposed essentially anywhere on the headportion of tooth brushing device 5050 and can be of essentially anynumber (e.g., one, two (as shown), three, four, five, six, seven, eight,nine, ten, or more) or configuration. Conduits 5058 and 5059 aretypically fabricated at least partially internal to a housing of toothbrushing component 5052. In addition, conduits 5058 and 5059 areconfigured to communicate with material container conduits 5060 and 5061via junctions 5062 and 5063, respectively. Tooth brushing device 5050also includes conveyance mechanisms 5064 and 5065 (e.g., pumps or thelike), which are configured to convey material (e.g., fluidic material,semi-fluidic material, etc.) to and/or from material reservoirs 5067 and5068 of material container 5054 through openings 5056 or 5057. Toothbrushing device 5050 also includes a switch (not within view), which isoperably connected to a drive mechanism component and conveyancemechanisms 5064 and 5065 of tooth brushing component 5052. The switch isused, e.g., to turn the drive mechanism component and/or conveyancemechanisms 5064 and 5065 of tooth brushing component 5052 on and off,regulate speeds or modes of rotary unit rotation and/or conveyancemechanism conveyance, or the like.

FIG. 51 schematically shows a head portion of a tooth brushing devicefrom a side view according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention.As shown, detachable head portion 5150 includes openings 4856 thatcommunicate with conduit 5152. Detachable head portion 5150 alsoincludes rotary mechanism 4300 and drive mechanism components described,e.g., with respect to tooth brushing devices 4750 and 4900. Detachablehead portion 5150 also includes reversible attachment components 4764.Conduit 5152 is configured to communicate with a corresponding conduitin a handle portion of the toothbrushing device (not shown).

FIGS. 52A-C schematically illustrate a sanitizing component from variousviews according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention. Asdepicted, sanitizing component 5350 includes housing 5352 that formswells 5354, which are configured to receive handheld devices or portionsthereof (e.g., detachable head portion 5150) to store and/or sanitizethe handheld devices or portions thereof, e.g., when not in use. Forexample, wells 5354 are optionally at least partially filled with acleaning or sanitizing solution to cover at least part of the handhelddevices or portions thereof when the handheld devices or portionsthereof are disposed in wells 5354. In some embodiments, housing 5352further includes ultraviolet light sources 5356 that communicate withwells 5354 and power source 5358. Ultraviolet light sources 5356 areconfigured to selectively expose at least part of the handheld devicesor portions thereof to ultraviolet light to sanitize at least part ofthe head and/or handle portion of the handheld devices or portionsthereof. In other exemplary embodiments, housing 5352 further includesfluidic conveyance systems that include fluid channels 5360 that fluidlycommunicate with wells 5354. Fluid conveyance mechanisms 5362 (e.g.,pumps or the like) are also operably connected to fluid channels 5360and configured to convey or re-circulate fluids (e.g., sanitizingfluidic materials) in wells 5354 through fluid channels 5360 to sanitizeat least part of the head and/or handle portion of the handheld devicesor portions thereof. In some embodiments, fluid channels 5360 areconfigured to also directly fluidly communicate with the conduitsincluded in certain embodiments of the handheld devices describedherein, e.g., via a tube or the like that fluidly connects the conduitsto the fluid channels 5360 to also flow fluids (e.g., sanitizing fluidicmaterials) through the conduits.

Device components (e.g., rotary units, rotary mechanisms, drivemechanism components, gear components, shafts, rotational components,device housings, doors, support structures, etc.) are optionally formedby various fabrication techniques or combinations of such techniquesincluding, e.g., cast molding, stamping, machining, embossing,extrusion, engraving, injection molding, etching (e.g., electrochemicaletching, etc.), or other techniques. These and other suitablefabrication techniques are generally known in the art and described in,e.g., Molinari et al. (Eds.), Metal Cutting and High Speed Machining,Kluwer Academic Publishers (2002), Altintas, Manufacturing Automation:Metal Cutting Mechanics, Machine Tool Vibrations, and CNC Design,Cambridge University Press (2000), Stephenson et al., Metal CuttingTheory and Practice, Marcel Dekker (1997), Fundamentals of InjectionMolding, W. J. T. Associates (2000), Whelan, Injection Molding ofThermoplastics Materials, Vol. 2, Chapman & Hall (1991), Rosato,Injection Molding Handbook, 3.sup.rd Ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers(2000), Fisher, Extrusion of Plastics, Halsted Press (1976), and Chung,Extrusion of Polymers: Theory and Practice, Hanser-Gardner Publications(2000), which are each incorporated by reference. Exemplary materialsoptionally used to fabricate device components include, e.g., metal,glass, wood, polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylene, polydimethylsiloxane,polyetheretherketone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene,polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polysulfone, polymethylpentene, andpolycarbonate, among many others. In certain embodiments, followingfabrication, device components are optionally further processed, e.g.,by painting, coating surfaces with a hydrophilic coating, a hydrophobiccoating, or the like.

Exemplary rotary units, rotational mechanisms, related applications, andother aspects, which are optionally adapted, e.g., for use with therotary units and rotational mechanisms described herein are alsodescribed in, e.g., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/577,326,entitled “ROTARY UNITS, MECHANISMS, AND RELATED DEVICES”, filed on Oct.12, 2009 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,152,679, issued Apr. 10, 2012), U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/104,748, entitled “ROTARY UNITS,MECHANISMS, AND RELATED DEVICES”, filed on Oct. 12, 2008, InternationalApplication No. PCT/US2009/060386, entitled “ROTARY UNITS, MECHANISMS,AND RELATED DEVICES”, filed on Oct. 12, 2009, U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/365,290, entitled “ROTARY UNITS, MECHANISMS, ANDRELATED DEVICES”, filed on Jul. 16, 2010, U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/184,332, entitled “ROTARY UNITS, MECHANISMS, AND RELATEDDEVICES”, filed on Jul. 15, 2011, U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/218,145, entitled “ROTARY UNITS, MECHANISMS, AND RELATED DEVICES”,filed on Aug. 25, 2011, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/219,683,entitled “ROTARY UNITS, MECHANISMS, AND RELATED DEVICES”, filed on Aug.28, 2011, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/221,890, entitled “ROTARYUNITS, MECHANISMS, AND RELATED DEVICES”, filed on Aug. 30, 2011, andU.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/423,413, entitled “ROTARY UNITS,MECHANISMS, AND RELATED DEVICES”, filed on Mar. 19, 2012, which are eachincorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

While the foregoing invention has been described in some detail forpurposes of clarity and understanding, it will be clear to one skilledin the art from a reading of this disclosure that various changes inform and detail can be made without departing from the true scope of theinvention. For example, all the techniques and apparatus described abovecan be used in various combinations. All publications, patents, patentapplications, and/or other documents cited in this application areincorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes to the sameextent as if each individual publication, patent, patent application,and/or other document were individually indicated to be incorporated byreference for all purposes.

What is claimed is:
 1. A handheld device, comprising: a head portioncomprising at least one rotary mechanism that comprises at least tworotational components, wherein at least a first rotational component isconfigured to rotate at least partially around a first rotational axis,wherein at least a second rotational component is configured to rotateat least partially around a second rotational axis, and wherein at leastone of the rotational components comprises at least one surface that isconfigured to rotate substantially perpendicular to the at least one ofrotational axes, which surface comprises at least one implement; atleast one drive mechanism component or portion thereof that operablyengages, or is configured to operably engage, at least the rotarymechanism, which drive mechanism component or portion thereof isconfigured to effect rotation of at least the first rotational componentat least partially around the first rotational axis in a first directionand the second rotational component at least partially around the secondrotational axis in a second direction; and, a handle portion operablyconnected or connectable to the head portion.
 2. The handheld device ofclaim 1, wherein the first and second rotational components areconfigured to rotate substantially non-concentric relative to oneanother.
 3. The handheld device of claim 1, comprising more than tworotational components, wherein neighboring pairs of rotationalcomponents are configured to rotate at least partially around therotational axes in directions that are substantially opposite oneanother.
 4. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the first and secondrotational components each comprise at least one gear component, whereinthe gear component of the first rotational component operably engagesthe gear component of the second rotational component.
 5. The handhelddevice of claim 1, wherein the drive mechanism component or portionthereof comprises at least one chain of meshed gear components.
 6. Thehandheld device of claim 1, wherein at least part of the drive mechanismcomponent or portion thereof is detachable from at least another part ofthe drive mechanism component or portion thereof and/or the rotarymechanism.
 7. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the drivemechanism component or portion thereof is configured to oscillate atleast one of the rotational components.
 8. The handheld device of claim1, wherein the drive mechanism component or portion thereof comprises atleast one shaft component that operably engages at least the rotarymechanism or a portion thereof.
 9. The handheld device of claim 1,wherein the drive mechanism component or portion thereof is configuredto effect reversible rotation of at least one of the rotationalcomponents at least partially around at least one of the rotationalaxes.
 10. The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the drive mechanismcomponent or portion thereof comprises at least one gear component. 11.The handheld device of claim 1, wherein the handle portion comprises atleast part of the drive mechanism component or portion thereof.
 12. Thehandheld device of claim 1, wherein the head and handle portions aredetachable from one another.
 13. The handheld device of claim 1, whereinat least a portion of the implement comprises at least onecross-sectional shape selected from the group consisting of: a circle,an oval, a square, a rectangle, a trapezoid, an irregular n-sidedpolygon, and a regular n-sided polygon.
 14. The handheld device of claim1, comprising at least one sanitizing component configured to sanitizeat least part of the head and/or handle portion.
 15. A tooth brushingdevice or a cleaning device comprising the handheld device of claim 1.16. The handheld device of claim 1, comprising: at least one openingdisposed at least proximal to the head portion; at least one conduitthat is configured to communicate with the opening and at least onematerial source and/or at least one material destination; and, at leastone conveyance mechanism that is configured to convey at least onematerial to and/or from the material source and/or the materialdestination through the opening.
 17. The handheld device of claim 16,wherein the head and/or handle portion comprises at least one housingthat comprises and/or houses at least a portion of the opening, theconduit, and/or the conveyance mechanism.
 18. The handheld device ofclaim 16, wherein the material source and/or the material destination isdisposed external to the head and/or handle portion.
 19. The handhelddevice of claim 16, wherein the material source and/or the materialdestination comprises at least one material container that is configuredto contain at least one material, which material container is disposedat least proximal to the handle portion.
 20. The handheld device ofclaim 16, wherein the material container and the handle portion aredetachable from one another.